The effect of temperature on thermoosmosis

Differential thermo-osmotic permeability in water–cellophane systems

“…For various types of membranes ranging in thickness from 3 x to 7 x m the values of the correction factor ranged from 1.45 to 1 .35. 30 These values are of the same order of magnitude as those presented in this paper.…”

“…In a previous phase of this experimental work, the relationship between the temperatures at which the thermostats were set, the chamber water temperatures and the stirring rates were investigated. '* 239 30 The chamber water temperatures were measured by platinum resistance thermometers (100 Q at 0 "C). The stirring rate was measured with a digital tachometer (On0 Sokki, model HT-430).…”

Perspectives on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion in Ion-Exchange Membranes

“…Barragán et al [ 48 ] designed a scheme to handle such temperature polarization in a systematic way. Many of the early works did not take this into account [ 36 , 37 , 39 ]. Moreover, although the solutions next to the membrane surface were stirred, the Seebeck coefficient usually refers to an unknown fixed stirring rate.…”

“…Both properties have only an indirect effect through their impact on the transport numbers and transported entropies appearing in Equation ( 34 ). Nevertheless, the larger Seebeck coefficients have been found for membranes with low water content [ 36 , 43 , 45 ]. Kiyono et al [ 45 ] atributed this behavior to the restricted movement of ions in the membrane with small water content and high weight fraction of hydrophobic backbone.…”

“…Non-isothermal transport phenomena in charged membranes have been reported occasionally in the literature since then [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In the 1970s and 1980s, Tasaka and co-workers were central [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], while new researchers joined in the 1990s [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Different aspects were studied, such as the influence of the membrane type [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 51 , 52 ], the concentration and nature of the electrolyte solutions in contact with the membrane [ 39 , 42 ], and the membrane-transported entropy of ions [ 42 , 45 ].…”