The Effect of Text Typographical Features on Legibility, Comprehension, and Retrieval of EFL Learners

Soleimani, Hassan; Mohammadi, Elham

doi:10.5539/elt.v5n8p207

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…A coleta foi realizada em ambiente educacional, ambiente real e comum dos sujeitos da pesquisa. (Soleimani & Mohammadi, 2012 ).…”

Section: Amostragemunclassified

“…Resultado também encontrado nos estudos de Soares (2016) que concluiu que fatores simbólicos e estéticos adicionados ao esqueleto das letras, sem alterar seus padrões de maneira significativa, são irrelevantes para o processo de leitura. Soleimani & Mohammadi ( 2012 ) também não encontraram efeitos relevantes na tarefa de leitura comparando letras diferentes, com e sem serifa. Resultados semelhantes obtiveram Arditi & Cho ( 2005 ) sobre a influência das serifas no processo de leitura.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Blucher Design Proceedings

2020

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Protocolo SUS como ferramenta de verificação do nível de satisfação na interação com tipos com serifa e sem serifa aplicados em mídias digitais e impressas em atividade de leitura. Satisfaction level in the interaction with serif and sans serif typefaces presented in digital and printed media João Marcelo Ribeiro Soares usabilidade, satisfação, tipografia, sus (system usability scale) O artigo apresenta um estudo com o objetivo de contribuir com uma metodologia para verificar o nível de satisfação da tipografia após uma tarefa de leitura. No estudo foram utilizados dois tipos de letra, sendo uma com serifa (Garamond) e outra sem (Franklin Gothic). Os leitores realizaram a tarefa de leitura em mídia impressa e digital. O estudo investigou um total de 84 estudantes com idade entre 18 e 24 anos. O protocolo de pesquisa utilizado foi uma adaptação do System Usability Scale (SUS). Na composição foram controladas variáveis como: texto, número de caracteres por linha, entrelinha e altura-x. Nesta última variável o tamanho do corpo foi ajustado por meio de aproximação ótica. Os resultados não apresentaram diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre os tipos de letras e as mídias utilizadas. usability, satisfaction, typeface, sus (system usability scale) This study proposes to verify the level of satisfaction of readers of continuous texts, during the interaction with different typefaces: Garamond and Franklin Gothic (with and without serifs) and reading different media (digital and printed). Participants in the study were 84 students aged between 18 and 24 years old. Two reading devices were used (a tablet and prototypes) and a System Usability Scale (SUS) protocol was applied. The x-height of typefaces was a determining factor in the control of the variables. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in relation to the different typefaces used, and to the different media.

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“…A coleta foi realizada em ambiente educacional, ambiente real e comum dos sujeitos da pesquisa. (Soleimani & Mohammadi, 2012 ).…”

Section: Amostragemunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Blucher Design Proceedings

2020

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“…Using a Likert scale to measure perceived difficulty, it was found that texts with a higher ratio of function words, verbs, verb phrases, or containing more high-frequency words were seen as easier [17-19]. For actual difficulty, simple surface features such as font and line spacing were shown not to affect remembering [20]; however, using a fill-in-the-blanks test additive and causal connectors were shown to be easier than adversative or sequential connectors [21]. In addition to surface features, analysis can include broader features such as coherence, which is defined as good flow combined with a structured, logical argument [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Evaluation of the Effects of a Text Simplification Algorithm Using Term Familiarity on Perception, Understanding, Learning, and Information Retention

Leroy¹,

Endicott²,

Kauchak³

et al. 2013

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundAdequate health literacy is important for people to maintain good health and manage diseases and injuries. Educational text, either retrieved from the Internet or provided by a doctor’s office, is a popular method to communicate health-related information. Unfortunately, it is difficult to write text that is easy to understand, and existing approaches, mostly the application of readability formulas, have not convincingly been shown to reduce the difficulty of text.ObjectiveTo develop an evidence-based writer support tool to improve perceived and actual text difficulty. To this end, we are developing and testing algorithms that automatically identify difficult sections in text and provide appropriate, easier alternatives; algorithms that effectively reduce text difficulty will be included in the support tool. This work describes the user evaluation with an independent writer of an automated simplification algorithm using term familiarity.MethodsTerm familiarity indicates how easy words are for readers and is estimated using term frequencies in the Google Web Corpus. Unfamiliar words are algorithmically identified and tagged for potential replacement. Easier alternatives consisting of synonyms, hypernyms, definitions, and semantic types are extracted from WordNet, the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), and Wiktionary and ranked for a writer to choose from to simplify the text. We conducted a controlled user study with a representative writer who used our simplification algorithm to simplify texts. We tested the impact with representative consumers. The key independent variable of our study is lexical simplification, and we measured its effect on both perceived and actual text difficulty. Participants were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk website. Perceived difficulty was measured with 1 metric, a 5-point Likert scale. Actual difficulty was measured with 3 metrics: 5 multiple-choice questions alongside each text to measure understanding, 7 multiple-choice questions without the text for learning, and 2 free recall questions for information retention.ResultsNinety-nine participants completed the study. We found strong beneficial effects on both perceived and actual difficulty. After simplification, the text was perceived as simpler (P<.001) with simplified text scoring 2.3 and original text 3.2 on the 5-point Likert scale (score 1: easiest). It also led to better understanding of the text (P<.001) with 11% more correct answers with simplified text (63% correct) compared to the original (52% correct). There was more learning with 18% more correct answers after reading simplified text compared to 9% more correct answers after reading the original text (P=.003). There was no significant effect on free recall.ConclusionsTerm familiarity is a valuable feature in simplifying text. Although the topic of the text influences the effect size, the results were convincing and consistent.

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“…There are a few researcher focusing in this area. The most recent research is done by (Soleimani and Mohammadi, 2012). They investigate the effects of font selection on comprehension and information recalling.…”

Section: A Serif Versus San Serifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Video Display Terminal Resolutions to the Legibility of Text on a Web Page

Hashim¹,

Majid²

2015

ijsecs

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Higher Video Display Terminal (VDT) resolutions have been proven to provide better quality in improving image quality displayed. The higher the resolution means more pixels per-inch-square available to display an image. This increase, however, may not be to the fonts used on web pages for improved legibility. Legibility of web text has been proved essential to ensure the quality of a web page. Support by the evidence from the previous research experiment results; low level of web text legibility can cause various visual related problems and usability of a web page. This research will focus on finding possible improvement effects on VDT resolution that might need to be considered in designing the web text. In this research 6 font types and two VDT resolutions for low and high have been selected. Approximately 200 subjects were randomly selected for this experiment. The selected subjects were divided into two groups for low and high resolution. Selected subjects performed legibility test and subjective preference test experiments on 6 selected type of fonts. Overall findings indicate that there is an improvement but no significant difference between the two VDT resolutions.Keywords:Legibility; Web text; Video Display Terminal; Fonts; Resolutions. INTRODUCTIONOne of the segments usually found on a webpage is the main content. The main content usually contains a series of text that will be the main focus of the user visits the web page. Backed by previous researches that are done by (Duckett, 2002) on readers reading strategy and (Nielsen and Pernice, 2010) on their eye tracking studies. Users actually scan web pages for relevant content related to the information they are looking for and not the whole content.On separate studies did by (Nielsen, 2008), on average, users actually only read about 20% of the whole text.Based on this evidence of how user's reading behaviour and how little actually user read the web text, the quality of a web text is crucial and needs to be taken care seriously. There are two main factors influencing the quality of web text; the quality of information presented (the content), and the quality of presentations. On the quality of presentation, one of the main factors is the legibility of the web text. Legibility is defined as "the quality of being clear enough to read" from the Oxford Dictionaries.On web text design, besides the colour combination used on the web text and the background, based on previous research, certain type and size of fonts does have a significant advantage in terms of legibility performance.This research however will explore even further, by studying the effects or the improvement on web text legibility that might improve when using much higher VDT resolution setting. The higher the VDT resolution the more density the pixel is. These higher pixel densities have proved to increase the quality of an image displayed but unproven that it might also increase the legibility of web text. Due to this unanswered question, this research will first explored the research...

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The Effect of Text Typographical Features on Legibility, Comprehension, and Retrieval of EFL Learners

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Blucher Design Proceedings

Blucher Design Proceedings

User Evaluation of the Effects of a Text Simplification Algorithm Using Term Familiarity on Perception, Understanding, Learning, and Information Retention

Effects of Video Display Terminal Resolutions to the Legibility of Text on a Web Page

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