The Effect of the Distance from a Path on Abiotic Conditions and Vascular Plant Species in the Undergrowth of Urban Forests and Parks

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, Kinga; Gmyrek, Katarzyna; Pliszko, Artur

doi:10.3390/ijerph19095621

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Most of the urban parks in urban areas had been established on historical areas little disturbed by humans or in wet coastal areas next to lakes characterized by high biodiversity (Kowarik, 2011). Therefore, from a biodiversity perspective urban park have high conservation potential for arthropods (Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt et al 2022).…”

Section: Richness and Community Structure Of Soil Arthropods In Fragm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and urban habitat fragmentation do not compromise soil food web complexity and conservation value

Wang

Zhang

Qiao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Urbanization-induced environmental changes such as habitat fragmentation impacts arthropod assemblages and food web-related ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, carbon storage and energy fluxes. Yet, we lack insight into how arthropod food webs are structured along urban fragmentation gradients. Here, we investigated the community composition and food web structure of litter-dwelling arthropods along fragmentation gradients (green median strip, urban park, urban forest and natural forest). We found the density of litter-dwelling arthropods in median strip and urban park to be two to four times higher than in urban and natural forests, with, as indicated by literature-based stable isotope values, 67% - 68% of the individuals comprising primary consumers (trophic level I) in median strip and urban park. Urban forests, reserved for biodiversity conservation, hosted the least arthropod density, taxa richness, biomass and body mass, but were colonized by a high number of specialist arthropods, e.g. Archaeognatha and Isoptera. Food webs were most simple in urban forest, but more complex in median strip and urban parks, i.e. open fragments, with abundant primary and secondary consumers including decomposers. Chilopoda and Araneae formed the apex predators in fragments and mostly consumed other predators of trophic level III. The biomass of decomposed litter on the soil surface as major resource of the soil animal community significantly correlated positively with the density of arthropods of trophic levels I, III and IV. Supporting the dominance of bottom-up forces, the density of adjacent trophic levels consistently correlated positively. Overall, our results suggest that small size urban fragments maintain a diverse community of arthropods forming complex food webs and thereby may contribute to conserving biodiversity and providing important ecosystem functions.

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Section: Richness and Community Structure Of Soil Arthropods In Fragm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and urban habitat fragmentation do not compromise soil food web complexity and conservation value

Wang

Zhang

Qiao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Відповідно до перегляду перспектив урбанізації світу за 2018 рік, Департамент економіки та соціальних питань ООН (UNDESA) оцінив, що понад 55% населення світу проживає в міських районах. До 2050 року кількість міських жителів зросте до 68%, тому найближчим часом очікується, що більше ділянок буде освітлено електрикою [4].…”

Section: аналіз попередніх дослідженьunclassified

The Role of Lighting in Landscape Design. Light Design. Outdoor Lighting

Bukhtiiarova

Гнатюк

2022

Theory and practice of design

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Bukhtiiarova M., Gnatiuk L. The role of lighting in landscape design. Light design. Outdoor lighting.The article describes the features of the research that consists in determining the role of lighting in the landscape design of cities and individual homesteads. The place of installation of lighting devices, climatic conditions of the environment, groups of plants, decorative covering, architectural forms and landscape areas are of great importance.Methodology: Cognitive, evaluative and diagnostic methods of analysis are used in the article.Results: The influence of light design on the perception of landscape objects of urban and homestead location was analyzed and evaluated. The process of realizing the balance between human activity, other living creatures, plants and a whole nature in the design of night lighting of city parks was investigated by finding out the effect of night artificial light on the ecosystem of city parks. Also, the impact of individual changes caused by artificial lighting on the functioning of the entire ecosystem was considered, its advantages and disadvantages were analyzed, it was indicated how to reduce the negative impact and how to better use the positive effect of artificial light. Attention is focused on the expansion of the use of artificial lighting in the arrangement of such objects of the urban environment as parks, children's and sports grounds, landscape compositions, etc. It has been established that light design is a complex approach from economic, architectural, aesthetic, decorative and engineering points of view. The need to master the art of lighting for the further ergonomic design of places of public and individual recreation has been identified. Scientific novelty:The role of lighting in the landscape design of the environment is inexhaustible. After all, lighting design is not only an aesthetic and decorative aspect, but also a functional one. Thanks to a comprehensive approach to the formation of lighting of landscape objects, the safety of various purposes of architectural structures in the dark, as well as the level of emotional and aesthetic satisfaction of residents, increases; a single artistic image is creating, which makes it possible to form a complete picture of the perception of a particular composition.Practical significance: The revealed regularities and acquired knowledge can be applied in the practice of landscape design when arranging or improving both urbanized environmental objects and individual homesteads.

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“…It is commonly known that the intensity of human trampling decreases with distance from paths and more trampling-resistant species are found near paths than away from them [29][30][31][32]. Although geophytes are one of the most resistant to trampling plant life forms [26,28,30], the influence of the distance from paths on their occurrence in urban areas is poorly recognized [28,[33][34][35][36]. The production of underground storage organs seems to be a good strategy for persistence in habitats frequently disturbed by trampling [26,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Distance from the Formal Path Affect the Richness, Abundance and Diversity of Geophytes in Urban Forests and Parks?

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt,

Gmyrek,

Pliszko

2023

Forests

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Geophytes are a characteristic element of deciduous forests in the temperate zone, as well as a common component of urban green spaces due to their early flowering and high decorative value. Nevertheless, in urban areas, geophytes are constantly threatened by recreational activities, especially in parks where intensive trampling occurs. In this study, we tested the effect of the distance from formal paths on the species richness, abundance and diversity of geophytes in relation to habitat conditions in urban forests and parks. We established a total of 400 plots (1 m × 1 m) located close (CL) to and further (FU) from paths in 10 forests and 10 parks in Kraków, southern Poland, in spring 2022. We recorded 23 species from nine groups of geophytes forming different underground storage organs, i.e., bulbs (B), hypocotyl bulbs (HB), rhizomes (RH), runners (RU), runners and rhizomes (RU-RH), runner-like rhizomes (RL-RH), runners and runners with tuberous tip (RU-TU), runners and shoot tubers (RU-ST) and root tubers (RT). The differences in the number, share and cover-abundance of geophytes between the CL and FU plots were statistically insignificant. In contrast, the total number, share and cover-abundance of geophytes were significantly higher in forests than in parks. Additionally, the share and cover-abundance of RH and RT were significantly higher in forests than in parks. Moreover, in CL plots in forests and parks, the cover-abundance of RH and RT were negatively correlated with soil compaction. Urban forests provide a high abundance of RH, RU-RH and RT, while parks support a high abundance of BU. To protect forest geophytes in urban forests and parks, it is recommended to limit trampling and soil eutrophication, as well as reduce the increase in soil pH along paths.

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The Effect of the Distance from a Path on Abiotic Conditions and Vascular Plant Species in the Undergrowth of Urban Forests and Parks

Cited by 8 publications

References 88 publications

Urbanization and urban habitat fragmentation do not compromise soil food web complexity and conservation value

Urbanization and urban habitat fragmentation do not compromise soil food web complexity and conservation value

The Role of Lighting in Landscape Design. Light Design. Outdoor Lighting

Does the Distance from the Formal Path Affect the Richness, Abundance and Diversity of Geophytes in Urban Forests and Parks?

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