Waste is a serious environmental problem that poses a threat to the environment. The article describes the features of the use of recycling and upcycling in the construction industry. Comparison of the possibilities of these two approaches is relevant for determining effective strategies for the use of recycled materials and products in the context of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Article purpose is to manifest the possibilities of using materials used in construction and their scope in load-bearing structures and decorative elements. Modern methods of handling secondary materials in construction were evaluated by the method of analysis of literature sources. Based on the comparison of existing recycling and upcycling projects for the construction of new buildings, the possibilities of using construction and demolition waste and solid waste in construction are determined.In the construction industry, waste can be used in the following ways: through the reuse of materials generated during construction and demolition and recycling — processing waste into raw materials used in the production of building materials. There is also experience of successful use in construction of municipal solid waste generated not in the construction industry — upcycling. Materials and products for upcycling in construction are either the result of creative search of customers or executors of the project, or the result of previous organized work on the collection and sorting of solid waste. Therefore, in order to spread the effective use of upcycling, it is necessary to develop a solid waste management infrastructure and disseminate successful experience in project implementation. For efficient and cost-effective recycling on a large scale it is necessary to introduce and disseminate selective demolition practices; collection and separate storage of construction and demolition waste on the construction site; recycling and disposal of materials along with construction to reduce transportation costs

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The article analyzes the history of changes in the role of art and the meaning of the symbol in the formation of the sacred space of architecture, which is presented through the consideration of the symbolic understanding of material forms and objects in the traditional and modernist representation. The historical development of the concept of symbol and its representation in art and architecture is presented. The development of the aesthetic category of "beauty" in historical development is represented. Three theories of understanding the concepts of the symbol are considered: "traditional", "hegelian" and "cashier", which in the twentieth century had almost the same influence. The source of origin and interpretation of the content of the symbol in the sacred space is presented. The role of a person (artist and recipient) is analyzed, which is to read the revealed symbols and write them in language, myths or art in a way accessible to human resources. The phenomenon of perception in certain visible figures of objects is an expression of a more general situation, an expression of a certain type of views or collective beliefs. Symbols pointing out not to the sacred reality, but to certain intellectual tendencies, social situations or expressions of culture are singled out. Contradictions in the perception of sacred space and reading the symbolism of its content are considered. Religion, art, science, language are presented as forms of human thinking about reality with forms of epistemologically understandable symbol. The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages that are transmitted through them in the formation of sacred space. There is also an attempt to adapt the principles of modernism to the needs of the formation of sacred space based on the concept of "seven plans" by Rudolf Schwartz, in which after the suspension of historical knowledge seeks the essence of the phenomenon, understood as its constant feature.

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