The Effect of the Interaction between Abnormal Body Mass Index and Hypertension on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Objective. Many patients with type 2 diabetes have an abnormal body mass index (BMI) and hypertension together, but few studies on the interaction of the two on the risk of T2DM are reported. We aim to explore the effect of the interaction between abnormal BMI and hypertension on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Uyghur residents. Methods and Results. Based on the physical examination data of 27,4819 Uygur residents in Moyu County, a logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between BMI abnormality, hypertension, and T2DM disease, and then, the effect of their interaction on the risk of T2DM was evaluated by an additive model and a multiplicative model. The results showed that the detectable rate of T2DM was 5.58%, the proportion of abnormal BMI was 59.49%, and the proportion of hypertension was 25.14%. The risk of T2DM in people with an abnormal BMI and hypertension was higher than that in people with a normal weight and without hypertension, and the difference was statistically significant P < 0.05 . The additive model showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, family history of diabetes, abdominal obesity, and alcohol consumption, abnormal BMI and hypertension had a synergistic effect on the risk of T2DM and the evaluation indicators RERI, AP, and S were 0.90 (0.32∼1.49), 0.20 (0.11∼0.30), and 1.36 (1.17∼1.57), respectively. But there was no multiplicative interaction between the two (OR = 0.97, (95% CI: 0.89∼1.06). 3). Conclusion. The interaction between abnormal BMI and hypertension can increase the risk of T2DM, and improving BMI and controlling blood pressure within the normal range can effectively reduce the risk of T2DM.

The interaction between general or abdominal obesity and hypertension on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional analysis in Iranian adults from the RaNCD cohort study

“…The risk of T2DM in those with general/abdominal obesity was 1.65 and 1.69 times greater than in people without general/abdominal obesity, respectively after controlling for confounders. According to some studies [ 9 , 19 – 21 ] obesity is a risk factor for diabetes, which accords with our results. In people with general or abdominal obesity, the accumulation of body fat causes hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, which reduces glucose tolerance and the development of T2DM by impairing the use of glucose by muscle and other tissues [ 9 , 19 ], and obese people have a greater risk of acquiring diabetes than non-obese people do [ 9 ].…”

“…According to some studies [ 9 , 19 – 21 ] obesity is a risk factor for diabetes, which accords with our results. In people with general or abdominal obesity, the accumulation of body fat causes hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, which reduces glucose tolerance and the development of T2DM by impairing the use of glucose by muscle and other tissues [ 9 , 19 ], and obese people have a greater risk of acquiring diabetes than non-obese people do [ 9 ]. Losing weight is a crucial first step in lowering occurrence of T2DM, particularly in youthful people, as Studies have demonstrated that more than 80% of the physiological dysfunction of metabolic syndrome is caused by obesity [ 22 ].…”

“…The association between hypertension and T2DM was significant and there was 1.5 times increased risk of T2DM in hypertensive individuals compared to non-hypertensive individuals, which is consistent with a previous study [ 9 , 25 , 26 ]. It shows the importance of managing blood pressure and BMI effectively to prevent the onset and progression of diabetes [ 9 ].…”

“…Generally, there is a positive correlation between impaired glucose tolerance and high blood pressure; and hypertension is reported in more than two-thirds of patients with T2DM [ 7 , 8 ]. In addition, obesity as a major health problem significantly increases the risk of NCDs such as T2DM [ 9 , 10 ]. Recently, in the study of Hu et al, it was shown that the risk of T2DM in hypertensive and obese individuals was significantly higher compared to those with a normal weight and without hypertension [ 9 ].…”

“…In addition, obesity as a major health problem significantly increases the risk of NCDs such as T2DM [ 9 , 10 ]. Recently, in the study of Hu et al, it was shown that the risk of T2DM in hypertensive and obese individuals was significantly higher compared to those with a normal weight and without hypertension [ 9 ]. This relationship indicates that the combined effect of two risk factors together is greater than their effect alone (synergistic interactions).…”