“…For the development of intelligence, children in the early grades of elementary school are shown by their ability to serialize, group objects, be interested in numbers and writing, increase vocabulary, enjoy talking, understand cause and effect and develop an understanding of space and time (Rosita, 2021;Sabani, 2019). Elementary school education as a means that has a responsibility in helping students to develop reading skills, with good reading skills students can obtain all the knowledge, skills and values needed for their success at school and in everyday life (Priatna & Setyarini, 2019;Rohaeti & Saleh, 2021) . Children's early development requires good health, nutrition, security and safety care, responsive parenting, and early learning provided by parents and family interactions, and supported by an environment that allows these interactions (Asbari et al, 2019;Black et al, 2017).…”