The effect of the stage of the ovarian cycle (anoestrus or dioestrus) and of pregnancy on the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Anagnostou, Τ.; Savvas, Ioannis; Kazakos, George; Ververidis, H.N.; Psalla, Dimitra; Kostakis, Charalampos; Skepastianos, Petros; Raptopoulos, D.

doi:10.1111/vaa.12234

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, no significant differences were observed among the three groups concerning the time of onset and the duration of GOR. Gastro-oesophageal reflux usually occurred shortly after the induction of anaesthesia, which is in agreement with previous reports [ 16 , 26 , 33 , 34 ]. Additionally, in agreement with a previous study [ 35 ], no relationship was established between the type of surgery and the incidence of GOR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of the Preoperative Fasting Regimen on the Incidence of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in 90 Dogs

Tsompanidou

Robben

Savvas

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of three different preoperative fasting regimens on the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in dogs under general anaesthesia. Ninety dogs undergoing non-abdominal and non-thoracic elective surgery were included in the study and equally allocated to three groups. Dogs received canned food providing half the daily resting energy requirements (RER) 3 h prior to premedication (group 3H), a quarter of the daily RER 3 h before premedication (group 3Q), and half the daily RER 12 h before premedication (group 12H). The animals were premedicated with acepromazine and pethidine, anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane vaporised in oxygen. Oesophageal pH was monitored throughout anaesthesia. Demographic and surgery-related parameters were not different among groups. The incidence of GOR was 11/30 in group 3H (36.7%), 9/30 in group 3Q (30.0%) and 5/30 in group 12H (16.7%), which was not statistically different (p = 0.262). Reduction of the amount of the preoperative meal from half to a quarter of the daily RER did not reduce the incidence of GOR but resulted in a lower oesophageal pH (p = 0.003). The results of this study suggest that the administration of a meal 3 h before anaesthesia does not have any beneficial effect in the reduction of GOR incidence in dogs compared to the administration of a meal 12 h before anaesthesia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of the Preoperative Fasting Regimen on the Incidence of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in 90 Dogs

Tsompanidou

Robben

Savvas

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Sci. 2020, 7, 144 2 of 10 pregnancy [10], recumbency of the animal during anaesthesia [3] and the anaesthetic protocol used [1,3]. On the contrary, breed, sex, and age do not seem to significantly influence the incidence of GER [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery or Endoscopic Evaluation of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Lambertini

Pietra

Galiazzo

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common event during general anaesthesia but is often underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine. The oesophageal pH in anaesthetised dogs undergoing endoscopic evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract (END group; n = 12) or orthopaedic surgery (ORT group; n = 12) was measured using an oesophageal probe. The dogs were sedated with acepromazine or with methadone or butorphanol, and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Of the 24 dogs in this study, 21 (87.5%) had an episode of GER during anaesthesia. The incidence of GER, as well as the first, the minimum, and the maximum pH values, did not differ significantly between the groups. The mean maximum difference versus the first pH value was higher for dogs in the END group (−2.6 ± 3.5) as compared with those in the ORT group (−0.7 ± 2.5), although they were not statistically significant (p = 0.25). The administration of methadone or butorphanol had no significant effect on the development of acidic reflux or biliary reflux. In the acepromazine-sedated dogs, the incidence of GER did not differ significantly between patients undergoing an endoscopic procedure and those undergoing orthopaedic surgery; however, during endoscopy, fluctuations in the oesophageal pH can be expected, even without any clinical signs of GER.

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“…As the effect of the size and type of the chest on GOR was investigated only in this study, we decided to exclude it from the present systematic review. Moreover, there are other two studies by Anagnostou et al on the effect of hormones, endogenous progesterone and oestradiol 17β [11], and the stage of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy on GOR [57]. Concerning the first study, it was not likely that the above hormones affect the incidence of GOR during the ovarian cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Two clinical studies investigated the correlation between the ovarian cycle and the incidence of GOR in dogs [11,57].…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Intraoperative Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in Dogs and Cats

Savvas

Pavlidou

Anagnostou

et al. 2022

Animals

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In animals, gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) may occur during anaesthesia, and it can lead to severe consequences such as oesophagitis and oesophageal stricture. This systematic review investigates the effect of fasting duration and anaesthetic and nonanaesthetic drugs on GOR in dogs and cats during general anaesthesia. Fifteen clinical studies met the inclusion criteria in this systematic review. In thirteen studies the population was dogs, while in two studies the population was cats. In the meta-analysis, seven studies were included. Four studies on the effect of fasting duration on GOR in dogs were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 191 dogs had a fasting duration less than 5 h, while 311 dogs had a fasting duration more than 5 h. The heterogeneity of the studies was high and statistically significant (p = 0.0002, I2 = 85%), but the overall effect was statistically nonsignificant (p = 0.82, odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI 0.15, 4.26), in favour of the low fasting duration (<5 h). Concerning the effect of antacids on GOR, three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of the studies was low and nonsignificant (p = 0.13, I2 = 52%) and the overall effect was statistically nonsignificant (p = 0.24). The low number of studies and the diverse factors affecting the incidence of reflux prevented us from reaching valuable conclusions on the risk factors for GOR.

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The effect of the stage of the ovarian cycle (anoestrus or dioestrus) and of pregnancy on the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

The Effect of the Preoperative Fasting Regimen on the Incidence of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in 90 Dogs

The Effect of the Preoperative Fasting Regimen on the Incidence of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in 90 Dogs

Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery or Endoscopic Evaluation of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Factors Affecting Intraoperative Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in Dogs and Cats

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