The Effect of Theophylline on the Prevention of Mechanical Ventilation-Induced Diaphragm Atrophy in Rats

Abstract

Background. Movement disorders and atrophy occur in the diaphragm, the most important muscle of respiration, because of mechanical ventilation (MV). Objectives. In this animal model, we aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous theophylline administration on the prevention of mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy. Material and Methods. In our study, 30 healthy male Sprague-dawley rats were used. They were divided into 3 equal groups. Group 1: the control group (no MV); group 2: the placebo group that received MV; Group 3: the theophylline group composed of rats that received both MV and theophylline therapy. In all 3 groups, the diaphragmatic atrophy was evaluated histopathologically. Results. In the histopathological examination, no macroscopic thickening and microscopic atrophy were observed in the diaphragm in the control group. In the placebo group (group 2), macroscopically definite thickening was observed in all rats, and microscopically, heavy (+++) atrophy was observed. In the theophylline group (group 3), there was no atrophy in one rat. In 8 rats, light (+), and in 1 rat medium (++) atrophy was observed. Conclusions. In our study, it was shown that atrophy occurred in the diaphragms of rats after MV, and the atrophy was decreased after theophylline administration (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 1, 33-38).

Bufei Jianpi granules improve skeletal muscle and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…In previous studies, we found that Bufei Jianpi granules can significantly improve lung function, reduce frequency and extent of acute exacerbations, prolong six-minute walk distance and improve quality of life and have beneficial long-term effects after a 12-month follow-up in COPD patients; and improve pulmonary function and increase diaphragm muscular tension and endurance in cigarette-smoke and Klebsiella pneumoniae induced COPD rats [ 17 , 18 ]. Aminophylline is a complex of theophylline and ethylenediamine, which is not only a bronchodilator, but also with pharmacological actions in alleviating inflammatory response and improving the function of diaphragm and peripheral skeletal muscles [ 19 - 22 ].…”

Research progress on the pathogenesis and treatment of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction

“…② In MV, the physiological negative thoracic pressure becomes positive, cardiac output decreases, and diaphragmatic blood flow reduces. Theophylline also facilitates diaphragmatic perfusion by improving cardiac output and providing vasodilation in diaphragmatic arterioles [ 96 ]. ③ During MV, many inflammatory factors (e.g., interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) are activated.…”

Nutraceuticals in the Prevention and Treatment of the Muscle Atrophy

“…Conessine, a steroidal alkaloid, reduces dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by downregulating the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx in C2C12 myotubes [138]. Theophylline reverses the muscle atrophy induced by 28 weeks of cigarette smoke exposure via suppressing the inflammatory effect, upregulating histone deacetylase 2 expression, and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and p65 in Kunming mice model [139,142]. TGF-β, a classical modulator of skeletal muscle, regulates several processes in skeletal muscle disease including inhibition of myogenesis, diminution of regeneration, and induction of muscle atrophy.…”