The effect of thermal pollution on the distribution of<i>Naegleria fowleri</i>

Jonckheere, J. De; Dijck, Patrick Van; Voorde, Herman Van de

doi:10.1017/s0022172400047021

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In this study, as in others 5 , the isolation of Naegleria sp in brooks has been shown to occur in environmental conditions revealing high levels of water contamination by coliforms.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In some cases Naegleria has been shown to multiply in water pipelines that have been exposed to atmospheric temperatures higher than 25ºC 1 . A high number of this amoeba was found in a channel near a lead and zinc factory during the summer, when the temperature was 31ºC and a case of PAM in a child that swam in this location was reported 5 . In this study, the use of smears of water or monoxenic cultures was shown to be useful for the isolation of FLA of the genus Naegleria spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: epidemiological study in Anzoategui state, Venezuela

Cermeño

Hernández

Yasin³

et al. 2006

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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A case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis produced by Naegleria fowleri was diagnosed in the Independencia county of Anzoategui State, Venezuela. This case motivated the realization of the present epidemiological study with the aim of identifying free-living amoebae in this area. Representative water samples were taken and physicochemical and microbiologic analyses were carried out. Trophozoites and cysts of Naegleria spp, were detected in 44.4% (n=4). An excellent concordance was found among the observations of free-living amoebae in smears and those of monoxenic cultures in non nourishing agar with Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kappa=1; p= 0.003). A variable load of aerobic mesophils was obtained. Moulds and yeast averages presented 3.0 CFU/ml (SD+ 2.0) and 102.9 CFU/ml (SD± 32.2), respectively. One hundred per cent of the samples presented a most probable number of total and fecal coliforms of 240,000 NMP/100mL. Naegleria spp was present in waters of the Independence county of Anzoategui State, which constitutes a risk for people that use these sources. Key-works: Amoebic meningoencephalitis. Epidemiology. Free-living amoebae. Naegleria fowleri. RESUMOUm caso de meningoencefalite amebiana primária, causada por Naegleria fowleri, foi diagnosticada no município de Independência no Estado de Anzoategui, Venezuela. Este caso motivou a realização deste estudo epidemiológico com o objetivo de identificar amebas de vida livre nessa área. Foram colhidas amostras representativas de água e realizadas análises fisicoquímicas e microbiológicas. Trofozoítos e cistos de Naegleria spp foram detectados em 44,4% (n=4). Verificou-se excelente concordância entre a observação das amebas de vida livre em esfregaços e aquelas de culturas monoxênicas em ágar não nutriente com Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kappa=1; p=0,003). Obteve-se uma carga variável de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbicos. As médias de mofos e leveduras foram de 3,0 CFU/ml (SD+2,0) e 102,9 CFU/ml(SD+32,2), respectivamente. Cem por cento das amostras apresentaram um número maior provável de coliformes totais e fecais de 240.000 NMP/100ml. Naegleria spp estava presente nas águas do município de Independência no Estado de Anzoategui, o que constitui um risco para a população que usa essas fontes.

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“…In this study, as in others 5 , the isolation of Naegleria sp in brooks has been shown to occur in environmental conditions revealing high levels of water contamination by coliforms.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: epidemiological study in Anzoategui state, Venezuela

Cermeño

Hernández

Yasin³

et al. 2006

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…in thermal waters, as has been suggested by De Joncheere et al (1975) and Stevens et al (1977). Cerva (1977) demonstrated that 20°C was inhibitory to the in vitro multiplication of N. fowleri, and Chang (1978) showed that the trophozoites of N. fowleri degenerate at temperatures below 10°C.…”

Section: Gisborne Healthsupporting

confidence: 70%

The occurrence and distribution of pathogenic free‐living amoebae in thermal areas of the North Island of New Zealand

Brown

Cursons

Keys

et al. 1983

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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A sample survey of 9 thermal pools or streams in 3 Health Districts of the North Island of New Zealand was made over a 15-month period to determine the presence or absence of pathogenic free-living amoeba (PFLA) of the genera Naegleria and Acanthamoeba. Concurrent chemical, physical, and bacteriological analyses of the pools were made. Naegleria and Acanthamoeba were isolated in the Rotorua and Hamilton Health Districts but not in the Gisborne Health District. Most PFLA were isolated from water with a high coliform content or soil contamination.

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“…Griffin (1972), de Jonckheere, Vandijck & Van De Voorde (1975) and Wellings et al (1977) all attribute the presence of such pathogens to this thermal phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanitary study of surface water and of the beach of a water sports and leisure complex

Chabasse¹,

Laine

Simitzis-Le-Flohic

et al. 1986

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThis report presents the parasitological, bacteriological, mycological and physicochemical data obtained from both surface water and beach sand of a lake used for water sports. These show that the lake is contaminated in both winter and spring by water which overflows from the River Maine, and is self-purified by a mechanism of 'lagunage'. In summer signs of pollution are at their lowest level although use of the complex is at its peak. Conversely, the amoebic flora, which is independent of the usual criteria of pollution, predominates in summer, and serves as a marker for the need for increased surveillance. The sand of the beaches does not appear to show any infectious hazard. Environmental pressure will doubtless change these data over a period of time, and it is planned to monitor this.

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The effect of thermal pollution on the distribution ofNaegleria fowleri

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: epidemiological study in Anzoategui state, Venezuela

Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: epidemiological study in Anzoategui state, Venezuela

The occurrence and distribution of pathogenic free‐living amoebae in thermal areas of the North Island of New Zealand

Sanitary study of surface water and of the beach of a water sports and leisure complex

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