The Effect of Thymus vulgaris on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Azimi, Mohammadreza; Mehrzad, Jalil; Ahmadi, Elnaz; Orafei, Mohammad; Aghaie, Fatemeh; Ahmadi, Armita; Rahimi, Maryam; Ranjbary, Ali Ghorbani

doi:10.1155/2022/2948966

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Diabetes affects many organs, including the liver, which plays a key role in the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism 4,6,23,24 . Elevated serum aminotransferases level; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) which was observed in this study due to induction of diabetes was in line with other precious findings on diabetes [25][26][27] . Several studies have shown the elevation of these enzymes in diabetic patients 26,28,29,30 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative study of aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of unripe Carica papaya seed on liver and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Nnaemeka¹,

Ukamaka²,

God’swealth³

et al. 2023

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Background: Diabetes as chronic disease has serious complications which can affect multiple vital organ systems, thereby leading to more severe and irreversible pathological conditions. This study investigated the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of unripe Carica papaya (UCP) seed extract in diabetic rats using three different solvents. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were used. Twenty-five out of thirty were induced with diabetes following an overnight fast, by a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg STZ. The rats were grouped into six groups (n=5):NC: normal control, DC: diabetic control, DSTD: diabetic and treated with glibenclaimide, aqueous (DAUCP), methanol (DMUCP) and petroleum ether (DPEUCP) rats were induced but treated with 200 mg of aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether extract of UCP seed extract respectively. The extracts were administered to the animals orally for 21 days. Results: The animals administered with different extracts showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in blood sugar level, ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, urea, creatinine, BUN, total and direct bilirubin and an increase level in total protein, albumin, globulin and sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and chloride when compared to the diabetic control group. Conclusion: It can be inferred from that data that the extracts have hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials on the liver and kidney. This implies that unripe C. papaya seed can be effectively used in the management of diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative study of aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of unripe Carica papaya seed on liver and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Nnaemeka¹,

Ukamaka²,

God’swealth³

et al. 2023

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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“…Similarly transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) levels were also increased in the study group. The same response was seen in study done by Saeed et al, 2008 andAzimi et al, 2022 in separate studies. Thus it guides the clinicians and researchers to find pathology related to metabolic adaptive response.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The Group-3 Group-4 Group-5(control) Group-6 Group-7 Group-8 (Saeed et al, 2008). Azimi et al, 2022 also reported the elevated serum levels of AST.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of Feeding A1 and A2 Cow Milk-Based Diet on Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Mice Model

CHAUDHAR,

MUKESH,

SHARMA

et al. 2023

AJMBES

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Streptozotocin is naturally occurring target specific alkylating agent derived from gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces achromogenes species that triggers an inflammatory mechanism leading to preferential destruction of pancreatic beta cells which is responsible for hyperglycemic states in experimental C-57 BL/6 mice. Cytotoxic effect of Streptozotocin is well established to build type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) study model. We induced diabetes in C57 bl/6 mice by injecting Streptozotocin (dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer at pH of 4.4) intraperitoneally at dose of 45mg per kg of body weight for consecutive 5 days. The mice were fed with A1A1 and A2A2 milk and their response was seen at 3 months with respect to their controls. A2A2 diet was not related to the induction of biochemical abnormalities while A1A1 and A1A2 diet have some association to cause some inflammatory reactions.

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Novel triazole derivatives as potential rodenticides against the Norway rat, R. norvegicus: histology, biochemical alternations, and field application

et al. 2023

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Economically speaking, rodents possess a serious threat to the agriculture sector. One of these organisms that directly threaten agriculture, stocks, and others is the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (R. norvegicus). The 2-cyano-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) acetamide (1) was used as a precursor to give 2-cyano-3-(dimethylamino)-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) acrylamide (2) and ethyl 2-amino-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) pyridine-3-carboxylate (3). Infra-red, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis were done for the precise structure elucidation of the applied synthons. The prepared compounds were tested as potential rodenticides against the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus. Toxicity analysis using four serial doses of both prepared compounds revealed that the LD50 values were 160.6 and 391.7 mg/kg body weight, for ethyl 2-amino-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) pyridine-3-carboxylate (3) and 2-cyano-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) acetamide (1), respectively. Several biological variables, such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), serum urea, creatinine, and total protein, have been assessed and evaluated as biological response indicators. Analysis revealed a highly significant increase in both AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels, while the total protein level showed a considerable reduction in treated rats exposed to 2-cyano-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) acetamide (1) and ethyl 2-amino-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) pyridine-3-carboxylate (3) when compared to the control treatment. Liver histological examination showed structural changes in the form of congestion in the central vein, necrosis in some hepatic regions, and pyknotic nuclei, while kidney histological examination showed vacuolar degeneration of the epithelial cells of some convoluted tubules and the disappearance of some glomeruli and other marked atrophies. Necrosis in some areas was noticed. Field application through bait consumption took place with a satisfactory reduction of 68.4% for ethyl 2-amino-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) pyridine-3-carboxylate (3), while it was 61.9% for 2-cyano-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) acetamide (1) when compared to the recommended Zinc phosphide commercial rodenticide that poses an 81% reduction. Graphic abstract

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The Effect of Thymus vulgaris on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Comparative study of aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of unripe Carica papaya seed on liver and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Comparative study of aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of unripe Carica papaya seed on liver and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Effects of Feeding A1 and A2 Cow Milk-Based Diet on Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Mice Model

Novel triazole derivatives as potential rodenticides against the Norway rat, R. norvegicus: histology, biochemical alternations, and field application

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