The effect of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase synthetic history on the structure and electrochemical properties of resultant Ti3C2 MXenes

Treifeldt, Joel E. von; Firestein, Konstantin L.; Fernando, Joseph F. S.; Zhang, Chao; Siriwardena, Dumindu P.; Lewis, Courtney-Elyce M.; Golberg, Dmitri

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109403

Cited by 70 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…SEM micrographs illustrating the as-synthesized vacuum-filtered MXenes film are shown in Figure . Vacuum-filtered d-V 2 C MXene flakes do not have the prominent wrinkled texture that is typical for Ti 3 C 2 MXenes . Such a variation could be attributed to the difference in the thicknesses of individual nanosheets: delamination of Ti 3 C 2 is happening more easily, and typical sheet thicknesses could be between 5 and 30 nm, but the thickness of the present d-V 2 C is larger, about 100 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Vacuum-filtered d-V 2 C MXene flakes do not have the prominent wrinkled texture that is typical for Ti 3 C 2 MXenes. 39 Such a variation could be attributed to the difference in the thicknesses of individual nanosheets: delamination of Ti 3 C 2 is happening more easily, and typical sheet thicknesses could be between 5 and 30 nm, 38 The reason for this could be the higher temperature and longer time required for selective Al layer etching from the V 2 AlC MAX phase. The SEM image in Figure 2b shows the cross section of the vacuum-filtered d-V 2 C film.…”

Section: Fabrication Of the Zib And Electrochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delaminated V₂C MXene Nanostructures Prepared via LiF Salt Etching for Electrochemical Applications

Firestein

Fernando

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Vanadium carbide MXenes have demonstrated both one of the highest theoretical capacities for Li and Mg storage among all members of the MXene family and a high performance as cathodes for high-energy-density Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs). However, V2C research has been limited because of the instability of delaminated V2C (d-V2C) in water suspension. Herein, we propose improvements of the HF-free synthesis of V2C MXenes via selective etching of the V2AlC MAX phase by a HCl and LiF mixture. A combination of etching in the closed environment of the hydrothermal autoclave under continuous stirring and thermal isolation of a reaction vessel and improved washing techniques result in high-quality d-V2C MXene nanostructures. High crystallinity and chemical purity of the as-synthesized materials is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A high concentration of Li cations in the etching mixture results in significantly improved stability of d-V2C in water suspension. In addition, cyclic voltammetry analysis is conducted to gauge the electrochemical characteristics of fabricated d-V2C MXenes. Electrochemical tests confirm that fabricated MXenes are highly promising as cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs. Moreover, a charge storage mechanism of V2C MXenes can be tuned through the implementation of different synthetic methods as well as electrochemical activation protocols.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Fabrication Of the Zib And Electrochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delaminated V₂C MXene Nanostructures Prepared via LiF Salt Etching for Electrochemical Applications

Firestein

Fernando

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…FT-IR of the porous CF@RGO composite and contrast samples is illustrated in Figure S1. The infrared absorption peak at 3440.21 cm –1 is due to OH stretching vibration, while the peak at 1630.36 cm –1 is the CC stretching vibration, which is the peak created by C–C covalent bonds within a single graphite layer. , The absorption maximum at 1389.05 cm –1 is the CO stretching vibration absorption maximum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Structures Formed by Fluorine-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets as High-Performance Anodes for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Feng

Jiang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolysis into fluorocarbon (CF) and the insertion of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets to form porous CF@RGO nanocomposites and their application as anode materials for potassium-ion batteries were investigated. First, RGO serves as a foundation for CF nanoparticles and provides a good conductive network for improving the electrode conductivity and capacity of the electrode. In the meantime, it also functions as a buffer against volume changes during charging and discharging. Fluorine-doped mesoporous carbon can not only improve electrical conductivity and enhance long-term cyclic stability but also increase rate capacity. In addition, the higher electron cloud density of CF nanoparticles further enhances electronic interactions and provides more active sites for K+ embedding in the charge and discharge processes to maintain structural stability. Synergy between RGO and CF effectively relieves electric stress and provides a pathway for rapid electron and ion transport. The sheet structure of porous CF@RGO contributes to the stability of the SEI film, triggering excellent material retention and improving the electrochemical performance. Therefore, the porous CF@RGO electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 209.2 mA h g–1 after 200 cycles of 0.1 A g–1 and a high stable capacity of 338.0 mA h g–1 after 1000 cycles of 0.5 A g–1. Porous CF@RGO composites remain structurally stable and agglomeration free after 1000 charge and discharge cycles. This work provides a new strategy to construct carbon materials for reversible potassium ion storage.

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“…[51] The conductivity of MXene fabricated by the other two kinds of Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX is 2850 S•cm −1 and 1300 S•cm −1 , respectively. [51] Among them, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene produced from Ti 3 AlC 2 fabricated only by MA has the worst electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Fabrication Methods Of the Precursormentioning

confidence: 98%

Electrical Conductivity Enhancement and Electronic Applications of 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Materials

Qiao

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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The effect of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase synthetic history on the structure and electrochemical properties of resultant Ti3C2 MXenes

Cited by 70 publications

References 75 publications

Delaminated V₂C MXene Nanostructures Prepared via LiF Salt Etching for Electrochemical Applications

Delaminated V₂C MXene Nanostructures Prepared via LiF Salt Etching for Electrochemical Applications

Porous Structures Formed by Fluorine-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets as High-Performance Anodes for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Electrical Conductivity Enhancement and Electronic Applications of 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Materials

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The effect of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase synthetic history on the structure and electrochemical properties of resultant Ti3C2 MXenes

Cited by 70 publications

References 75 publications

Delaminated V2C MXene Nanostructures Prepared via LiF Salt Etching for Electrochemical Applications

Delaminated V2C MXene Nanostructures Prepared via LiF Salt Etching for Electrochemical Applications

Porous Structures Formed by Fluorine-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets as High-Performance Anodes for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Electrical Conductivity Enhancement and Electronic Applications of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene Materials

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Delaminated V₂C MXene Nanostructures Prepared via LiF Salt Etching for Electrochemical Applications

Delaminated V₂C MXene Nanostructures Prepared via LiF Salt Etching for Electrochemical Applications

Electrical Conductivity Enhancement and Electronic Applications of 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Materials