The effect of topical lidocaine on muscle artefacts in awake canine electroencephalogram recordings

Ward, Jordan M.; James, Fiona; Monteith, Gabrielle

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.03.025

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The main artifacts that were observed were due to muscle (electromyographic), eye, ear, oral, facial, and whole body movement. Topical application of lidocaine is not helpful in reducing muscle artifact . Once clinical seizures are apparent, the EEG recording can be obscured by movement artifact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Utility of Wireless Video‐Electroencephalography in Unsedated Dogs

James

Cortez

Monteith

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundPoor agreement between observers on whether an unusual event is a seizure drives the need for a specific diagnostic tool provided by video‐electroencephalography (video‐EEG) in human pediatric epileptology.ObjectiveThat successful classification of events would be positively associated with increasing EEG recording length and higher event frequency reported before video‐EEG evaluation; that a novel wireless video‐EEG technique would clarify whether unusual behavioral events were seizures in unsedated dogs.AnimalsEighty‐one client‐owned dogs of various breeds undergoing investigation of unusual behavioral events at 4 institutions.MethodsRetrospective case series: evaluation of wireless video‐EEG recordings in unsedated dogs performed at 4 institutions.ResultsElectroencephalography achieved/excluded diagnosis of epilepsy in 58 dogs (72%); 25 dogs confirmed with epileptic seizures based on ictal/interictal epileptiform discharges, and 33 dogs with no EEG abnormalities associated with their target events. As reported frequency of the target events decreased (annually, monthly, weekly, daily, hourly, minutes, seconds), EEG was less likely to achieve diagnosis (P < 0.001). Every increase in event frequency increased the odds of achieving diagnosis by 2.315 (95% confidence interval: 1.36–4.34). EEG recording length (mean = 3.69 hours, range: 0.17–22.5) was not associated (P = 0.2) with the likelihood of achieving a diagnosis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWireless video‐EEG in unsedated dogs had a high success for diagnosis of unusual behavioral events. This technique offered a reliable clinical tool to investigate the epileptic origin of behavioral events in dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Utility of Wireless Video‐Electroencephalography in Unsedated Dogs

James

Cortez

Monteith

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Lidocaine and other local anaesthetics work by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels which prevent action potentials and the transmission of pain signals back to the brain. [33][34][35] While lidocaine has effects on neuromuscular function during clinical procedures, 36 it does not reduce muscle artefacts observed during non-invasive electroencephalography, 37 suggesting that this is due to reduced sensory feedback rather than a muscle relaxant or paralytic effect. Moreover, a muscle relaxant effect does not explain a reduction in defecation nor does it explain the similar effect of bupivacaine, which has been shown to have opposite effects to lidocaine on umbilical smooth muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local anaesthetic refinement of pentobarbital euthanasia reduces abdominal writhing without affecting immunohistochemical endpoints in rats

et al. 2017

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Sodium pentobarbital is a commonly used agent for euthanizing laboratory rats, however its high pH can cause abdominal discomfort after intraperitoneal injection. Previous studies suggest that the addition of a local anaesthetic may alleviate this discomfort, but the practice has not been widely adopted. We examined the effect of combining lidocaine with pentobarbital on abdominal writhing, defecation, ultrasonic vocalizations, the rat grimace scale and immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos in the nucleus accumbens and basolateral amygdala of the brain. We also compared the amount of abdominal writhing following intraperitoneal administration of pentobarbital-lidocaine with that of pentobarbital-bupivacaine. Our results show that lidocaine reduces abdominal writhing and defecation without affecting immunohistochemistry for c-Fos or latency to loss of posture. However, scores on the rat grimace scale were low in both situations and almost no ultrasonic vocalizations were recorded. Additionally, we found that the amount of abdominal writhing was not significantly different when bupivacaine was used rather than lidocaine. Our results suggest that pentobarbital-induced euthanasia can be refined with the addition of lidocaine or other local anaesthetics.

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The effect of topical lidocaine on muscle artefacts in awake canine electroencephalogram recordings

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Diagnostic Utility of Wireless Video‐Electroencephalography in Unsedated Dogs

Diagnostic Utility of Wireless Video‐Electroencephalography in Unsedated Dogs

Local anaesthetic refinement of pentobarbital euthanasia reduces abdominal writhing without affecting immunohistochemical endpoints in rats

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