The effect of tree genetic diversity on insect herbivory varies with insect abundance

Fernández-Conradi, Pilar; Jactel, Hervé; Hampe, Arndt; Leiva, María José; Castagneyrol, Bastien

doi:10.1002/ecs2.1637

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…These factors may change the magnitude and direction of effects on pest insects in the forestry cycle. On the other hand, insect populations have their own dynamics, sometimes with eruptive or cyclic outbreaks, but little is known about whether diversity effects could vary depending on herbivore and predator abundance (Fernandez-Conradi et al 2017). As a consequence, there is a need for long-term studies testing the influence of tree diversity on the population dynamics of forest insects and estimating the resilience of mixed forests to pest outbreaks.…”

Section: Effects Of Forest Tree Diversity On Pest Regulation Of Nativmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

et al. 2017

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Forests are critical habitats for biodiversity and they are also essential for the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services that are important to human well-being. There is increasing evidence that biodiversity contributes to forest ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Here we provide a review of forest ecosystem services including biomass production, habitat provisioning services, pollination, seed dispersal, resistance to wind storms, fire regulation and mitigation, pest regulation of native and invading insects, carbon sequestration, and cultural ecosystem services, in relation to forest type, structure and diversity. We also consider relationships between forest biodiversity and multifunctionality, and trade-offs among ecosystem services. We compare the concepts of ecosystem processes, functions and services to clarify their definitions. Our review of published studies indicates a lack of empirical studies that establish quantitative and causal relationships between forest biodiversity and many important ecosystem services. The literature is highly skewed; studies on provisioning of nutrition and energy, and on cultural services, delivered by mixed-species forests are under-represented. Planted forests offer ample opportunity for optimising their composition and diversity because replanting after harvesting is a recurring process. Planting mixed-species forests should be given more consideration as they are likely to provide a wider range of ecosystem services within the forest and for adjacent land uses. This review also serves as the introduction to this special issue of Biodiversity and Conservation on various aspects of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services.

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Section: Effects Of Forest Tree Diversity On Pest Regulation Of Nativmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

et al. 2017

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“…Conversely, a prior study of insect herbivory on oak genotypic diversity (Fernandez‐Conradi et al. ) showed that genotypic diversity reduces damage to host plants more at ambient herbivore levels than when herbivores were suppressed with insecticides. These studies, however, did not separate the effects of density and frequency of neighboring plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For example, Fernandez‐Conradi et al. () found an increase in the strength of neighborhood effects with increased gypsy moth density; gypsy moths may have stronger preferences at higher density (Skaller ). In addition, a previous study found strong neighborhood effects at outbreak densities of an insect herbivore (Stastny and Agrawal ), suggesting that consumer density will not always swamp neighborhood effects in more natural settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Fernandez‐Conradi et al. ). However, these effects have yet to be examined experimentally in a context that separates the influence of consumer density as well as the densities and frequency of conspecific and heterospecific resource neighbors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have begun to investigate how neighboring resource density and frequency influence neighborhood effects (Kim and Underwood 2015, Hahn and Orrock 2016, Verschut et al 2016. Other studies have examined the influence of consumer density on neighborhood effects (Graff et al 2007, Smit et al 2007, Fernandez-Conradi et al 2017. However, these effects have yet to be examined experimentally in a context that separates the influence of consumer density as well as the densities and frequency of conspecific and heterospecific resource neighbors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased consumer density reduces the strength of neighborhood effects in a model system

Merwin

Underwood

Inouye

2017

Ecology

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An individual's susceptibility to attack can be influenced by conspecific and heterospecifics neighbors. Predicting how these neighborhood effects contribute to population-level processes such as competition and evolution requires an understanding of how the strength of neighborhood effects is modified by changes in the abundances of both consumers and neighboring resource species. We show for the first time that consumer density can interact with the density and frequency of neighboring organisms to determine the magnitude of neighborhood effects. We used the bean beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, and two of its host beans, Vigna unguiculata and V. radiata, to perform a response-surface experiment with a range of resource densities and three consumer densities. At low beetle density, damage to beans was reduced with increasing conspecific density (i.e., resource dilution) and damage to the less preferred host, V. unguiculata, was reduced with increasing V. radiata frequency (i.e., frequency-dependent associational resistance). As beetle density increased, however, neighborhood effects were reduced; at the highest beetle densities neither focal nor neighboring resource density nor frequency influenced damage. These findings illustrate the importance of consumer density in mediating indirect effects among resources, and suggest that accounting for consumer density may improve our ability to predict population-level outcomes of neighborhood effects and our use of them in applications such as mixed-crop pest management.

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Contrasting effects of tree species and genetic diversity on the leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch

et al. 2019

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Both species and genetic diversity of plant communities can affect insect herbivores, but a few studies have compared the effects of both diversity levels within the same experimental context. We compared the effects of tree species and genetic diversity on abundance, species richness, and β-diversity of leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch using two long-term forest diversity experiments in Finland where birch trees were planted in monocultures and mixtures of birch genotypes or other trees species. Although both abundance and species richness of leaf miners differed among birch genotypes at the tree level, birch genetic diversity had no significant effect on miner abundance and species richness at the plot level. Instead, birch genetic diversity affected leaf-miner β-diversity with species turnover being higher among trees within genotypic mixtures than among trees within monoclonal plots. In contrast, tree species diversity had a significant negative effect on both leaf-miner abundance and species richness at plot level, but no effect on miner β-diversity. Significant tree species diversity effects on leaf-miner abundance and species richness were found only in plots with high tree density. We have demonstrated that plant species and genetic diversity play important but contrasting roles in structuring associated herbivore communities. Tree species diversity largely affects miner abundance and species richness, whereas tree genetic diversity affects miner β-diversity. These results have important implications for conservation and management of woodlands.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00442-019-04351-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The effect of tree genetic diversity on insect herbivory varies with insect abundance

Cited by 22 publications

References 62 publications

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Increased consumer density reduces the strength of neighborhood effects in a model system

Contrasting effects of tree species and genetic diversity on the leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch

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