The Effect of Ultra Low Dose Epidural Analgesia on Newborn Breastfeeding Behaviors

Radzyminski, Sharon

doi:10.1177/0884217503032003011

Cited by 29 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…13,14 There is some evidence that pain medication may cross the placenta, making the infant drowsy and decreasing the sucking reflexes. 15 Infants of mothers who were not medicated, therefore, were also not medicated and perhaps were better able to suck effectively on the breast. In addition, mothers may have been better able to focus on and have positive experiences with breastfeeding if they were not medicated during delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maternity-Care Practices on Breastfeeding

2008

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OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to assess the impact of "Baby-Friendly" hospital practices and other maternity-care practices experienced by mothers on breastfeeding duration.METHODS. This analysis of the Infant Feeding Practices Study II focused on mothers who initiated breastfeeding and intended prenatally to breastfeed for Ͼ2 months, with complete data on all variables (n ϭ 1907). Predictor variables included indicators of 6 "Baby-Friendly" practices (breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour of birth, giving only breast milk, rooming in, breastfeeding on demand, no pacifiers, fostering breastfeeding support groups) along with several other maternity-care practices. The main outcome measure was breastfeeding termination before 6 weeks.RESULTS. Only 8.1% of the mothers experienced all 6 "Baby-Friendly" practices. The practices most consistently associated with breastfeeding beyond 6 weeks were initiation within 1 hour of birth, giving only breast milk, and not using pacifiers. Bringing the infant to the room for feeding at night if not rooming in and not giving pain medications to the mother during delivery were also protective against early breastfeeding termination. Compared with the mothers who experienced all 6 "Baby-Friendly" practices, mothers who experienced none were ϳ13 times more likely to stop breastfeeding early. Additional practices decreased the risk for early termination.CONCLUSIONS. Increased "Baby-Friendly" hospital practices, along with several other maternity-care practices, improve the chances of breastfeeding beyond 6 weeks. The need to work with hospitals to implement these practices continues to exist, as illustrated by the small proportion of mothers who reported experiencing all 6 of the "Baby-Friendly" hospital practices measured in this study. Pediatrics 2008;122:S43-S49 B REASTFEEDING PROVIDES MANY benefits to both infants and mothers, including optimal nutrients for infant growth and development, enhancing infants' immunologic defenses, and facilitating mother-infant attachment and mothers' recovery from childbirth. 1,2 However, despite the known benefits of breastfeeding, a substantial proportion of mothers do not breastfeed their infants or breastfeed for Ͻ6 months postpartum. In 2004, 73.8% of US mothers breastfed during the early postpartum period, and 41.5% continued to breastfeed at 6 months postpartum. 3 Although these findings represent a steady increase over the years in the percentage of women breastfeeding, the data still fall short of the national Healthy People 2010 goals of 75% women breastfeeding during the early postpartum period and 50% breastfeeding 6 months postpartum. 4 Certain maternity-care practices in hospital settings have been shown to promote breastfeeding. In particular, the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, a global movement launched in 1991 by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), has been associated with positive breastfeeding outcomes both nationally and internationally. [5][6][7][8][9] This initiative includes ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maternity-Care Practices on Breastfeeding

2008

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“…Moreover, this large number of interrelated factors emphasises the need for randomised trials to establish a link between neuraxial analgesia and feeding, yet unrandomised studies continue to be reported. [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] The 17 studies summarised in Table 4 are of various types, but in none was the use of neuraxial analgesia per se randomised and blinding was not always attempted. Some failed to distinguish between different types of analgesia or confused systemic with neuraxial routes of administration.…”

Section: Breast Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labour analgesia and the baby: good news is no news

Reynolds

2011

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia

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“…Compared with newborns of women who did not receive intrathecal narcotics, the newborns of women who did receive intrathecal narcotics may experience more difficulty breastfeeding during the first hours/days after birth, in direct proportion to the amount of intrathecal narcotic the mother received (Beilin, 2005;Jordan, 2005;Lieberman, 2002;Radzyminski, 2003Radzyminski, , 2005.…”

Section: Rationale For Compliance Evidence Gradementioning

confidence: 99%

Step 7: Educates Staff in Nondrug Methods of Pain Relief and Does Not Promote Use of Analgesic, Anesthetic Drugs

Leslie

Romano²,

Woolley³

2007

jpe

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Step 7 of the Ten Steps of Mother-Friendly Care insures that staff are knowledgeable about nondrug methods of pain relief and that analgesic or anesthetic drugs are not promoted unless required to correct a complication. The rationales for compliance and systematic reviews are presented on massage, hypnosis, hydrotherapy, and the use of opioids, regional analgesia, and anesthesia.Journal of Perinatal Education, 16(1-Supplement), 65S-73S, doi: 10.1624/105812407X173191 Keywords: hypnosis and labor, hypnotherapy and labor, massage and labor, complementary therapies and labor, hydrotherapy and labor, waterbirth, water and birth, nonpharmacological pain management, analgesia and labor, nurses and pain labor, back pain and therapy and labor, movement and labor, posture and labor, maternal satisfaction, complementary therapy, opioids, epidural analgesiaStep 7: Educates staff in nondrug methods of pain relief and does not promote the use of analgesic or anesthetic drugs not specifically required to correct a complication.Step 7: Educates staff in nondrug methods of pain relief: massage, hypnosis, hydrotherapy.For a description and discussion of the methods used to determine the evidence basis of the Ten Steps of Mother-Friendly Care, see this issue's ''Methods'' article by Henci Goer on pages 5S-9S. Nondrug Pain Relief Rationale for Compliance Evidence GradeIn contrast to medication, there is minimal to no risk of adverse side effects from nondrug methods of pain relief. Massage, hypnosis, and hydrotherapy have been shown to provide significant benefits. a In addition, the implementation of comfort measures, cognitive strategies, and other self-efficacy techniques can contribute to a woman's sense of mastery over the birth experience and, therefore, her satisfaction with herself and that experience (Lowe, 2002). Nondrug pain relief methods can be used alone or in conjunction with medicinal modes of pain relief and, as such, should be available to all laboring women in all settings. NEH (Continued )Step 7: Pain Relief | Leslie, Romano, & Woolley 65S (Cyna, 2004;Huntley, 2004;Smith, 2003). Quality: A Quantity:A (2 meta-analyses) Consistency:B (The Smith metaanalysis found no difference in pain relief, although 2 of the 3 individual studies did.) d pain less severe than those not using hypnosis (Cyna, 2004;Huntley, 2004). Quality:greater maternal satisfaction with pain relief (Smith, 2003).A (meta-analysis) Consistency:A d shorter duration of labor (Cyna, 2004). Quality: A Quantity:A (meta-analysis) Consistency:reduced need for augmentation of labor with oxytocin (Cyna, 2004;Smith, 2003). Quality: A Quantity:A (meta-analysis) Consistency:A EXCLUDED STUDIESAndersen, B., Gyghagen, M., & Nielsen, T. (1996). Warm bath during labour. Effects on labour duration and The benefits of continuous labor support from a trained or experienced woman can be found in Step 1 on p. 12S. The benefits of freedom of movement and nonsupine positioning for pushing and birth can be found in Step 4 on pp. 25S-27S. Nondrug methods such as ...

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The Effect of Ultra Low Dose Epidural Analgesia on Newborn Breastfeeding Behaviors

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Maternity-Care Practices on Breastfeeding

Effect of Maternity-Care Practices on Breastfeeding

Labour analgesia and the baby: good news is no news

Step 7: Educates Staff in Nondrug Methods of Pain Relief and Does Not Promote Use of Analgesic, Anesthetic Drugs

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