The effect of ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate levels on the liver and muscle metabolic profile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximusL.) by¹H NMR-based metabolomics studies

Abstract

A 1H NMR‐based metabolomics approach was to explore the effect of ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate (UF) levels on the liver and muscle metabolic profile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was produced from by‐products by enzymatic treatment, and UF was obtained by diluting FPH followed filtration. Fish were fed diets containing fish meal protein, which was, respectively, replaced by UF protein 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg−1 of dietary total protein (UF‐0, UF‐5, UF‐10, UF‐15 and UF‐20) for 68 days. OPLS‐DA of liver and muscle showed that high levels of UF in diets may lead to corresponding tissue metabolites changes. In liver tissue, changing metabolites included dimethylamine, N,N‐dimethylglycine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine and alanine and were mainly involved in choline metabolism and amino acid metabolism. For muscle tissue, changing metabolites included lactate, alanine, proline, fumarate, tyrosine, histidine, cystathionine and taurine. And the metabolites were mainly involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, proline metabolism and taurine metabolism. 1H NMR‐based metabolomics is a useful approach to investigate different levels of UF on metabolic profile in liver and muscle tissues combined with the growth.

Metabolomics and fish nutrition: a review in the context of sustainable feed development

“…Ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate to replace crude FM especially tended to decrease lactate, fumarate and alanine (Wei et al . ). The total substitution of crude Baltic FM and FO, which accumulate persistent organic pollutants, by decontaminated FM and semi‐purified FO highlighted the role of energy‐related metabolites such as pyruvate.…”

“…The second hypothesis is supported by the higher level of branched chain amino acids found in the liver of juvenile turbot fed a plant‐based diet supplemented with ultrafiltrated fish protein hydrolysate (Wei et al . ). The authors suggested that a large supply of these amino acids by hydrolysates stimulates their use for energy supply associated with a reduced gluconeogenesis.…”

“…The partial substitution by fish protein hydrolysate in juvenile turbot tended to increase creatinine and glucose and reduced glutamine (Wei et al 2017a). Ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate to replace crude FM especially tended to decrease lactate, fumarate and alanine (Wei et al 2017b). The total substitution of crude Baltic FM and FO, which accumulate persistent organic pollutants, by decontaminated FM and semi-purified FO highlighted the role of energy-related metabolites such as pyruvate.…”

“…The content in liver of the branched chain amino acids leucine and valine measured by 1 H-NMR was higher in two case studies suggesting TCA inhibition, because these compounds can normally be transaminated to produce glutamate, pyruvate and alanine, the entry points into the TCA cycle through the production of acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA (Wagner et al 2014). The second hypothesis is supported by the higher level of branched chain amino acids found in the liver of juvenile turbot fed a plant-based diet supplemented with ultrafiltrated fish protein hydrolysate (Wei et al 2017b). The authors suggested that a large supply of these amino acids by hydrolysates stimulates their use for energy supply associated with a reduced gluconeogenesis.…”

Intestinal microbiota in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed diets with different levels of fish-based and plant ingredients: A correlative approach with some plasma metabolites

“…A metabolomic approach based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to investigate the effect of feed deprivation in rainbow trout plasma (Kullgren, Samuelsson, Larsson, Björnsson, & Bergman, ) and to analyse the metabolic changes due to diet composition in various fish species (Abro, Moazzami, Lindberg, & Lundh, ; Asakura, Sakata, Yoshida, Date, & Kikuchi, ; Mannina et al., ; Schock, Newton, Brenkert, Leffler, & Bearden, ; Wagner, Trattner, Pickova, Gómez‐Requeni, & Moazzami, ; Wei, Liang, Mai, Zheng, & Xu, ). This approach was implemented to correlate faecal metabolites with intestinal microbiota in fish (Asakura et al., ).…”