The effect of vaccination of pullets againstOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection

Abstract

The effect of vaccination of chickens with different inactivated vaccines against experimental Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale challenge was investigated. Eight different vaccines, with different inactivating substances (Formalin and thiomersal) and with or without adjuvant (mineral oil, alum and aluminium hydroxide gel), were produced. Following vaccination of experimental chickens at week 8 with formalin-inactivated mineral oil adjuvant bacterin, the mean O. rhinotracheale antibody titres rose to 5.88 2 log 21 days after primary vaccination and enhanced to a titre of 6.59 2 log 21 days after booster vaccination. The bacterin in mineral oil adjuvant induced the highest serologic response and a significant decrease of lesions such as air sacculitis and pneumonia in vaccinated birds compared with the unvaccinated challenge control birds. The bacterin in either alum or aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant induced a moderate serologic response and a decrease of lesions compared with the unvaccinated challenge controls. The study showed that vaccination of layer chicken at the eighth week followed by a booster dose at the 12th week of age can effectively protect against O. rhinotracheale infections.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: An Update Review about An Emerging Poultry Pathogen

“…Thus, knowledge about the host immune response is of great importance for the development of more effective vaccines [86]. Different vaccines, including recombinant ones, have been developed and reported with variable results for the control of both natural and experimental ORT infections [74,85,[87][88][89][90][91].…”

“…The application of the inactivated vaccine in poultry results in a rapid immune response, but the titer depends upon the adjuvant, which suggests that a second booster dose is required. This vaccination is more effective for poultry from 8 weeks of age, as maternal antibodies negatively affect the vaccine response by protecting the progeny up to 4 weeks of age [91].…”

“…Cauwerts et al [74] also achieved lower mortality rates and higher average production indices in progenies from vaccinated matrices. In 2007, Murthy et al [91] produced 18 vaccines with different inactivating substances (formalin and thiomersal), with and without adjuvants (mineral oil, alum, and aluminum hydroxide gel). As a result, the group of vaccinated poultry with a bacterin adjuvant and mineral oil induced the highest serological response with a significant decrease in macroscopic lesions (e.g., pneumonia and aerosacculitis).…”

Characterization of the upper respiratory tract microbiome of turkeys

“…Based on the results of this study, a number of avian commensals as well as pathogens belonging predominantly to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes, have been reported. These are the main phyla in the respiratory tract reported also in domestic and wild birds [25,26], and similarly like those present in the respiratory tract microbiota of other animals [27,28]. At the genus level Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, Morganella were most abundant and represented the bacterial genera in the respiratory tract of turkeys.…”

“…In the URT of turkeys, potential respiratory pathogens including Avibacterium, Gallibacterium, Mycoplasma, and Ornithobacterium were found (Table 2) ORT (respiratory disease) [25]. The upper respiratory tract is a reservoir of opportunistic pathogens, which can proliferate and infect the air sacs when poultry immune system is compromised due to stress or primary viral infections.…”