The Effect of Variations in External Temperature upon the Output of Carbonic Acid and the Temperature of Young Animals

The Relationship of Nest Protection and Huddling to Survival of Peromyscus at Low Temperature

“…According to Pembrey (1895) heat regulation is well developed in the white mouse by the tenth day after birth and this is concurred in by Ginglinger andKayser ( 1929a, 1929b), Pincus, Sterne, and Enzmann (1933), and Sumner (1913). It is also very possible that the juvenile mice, which were between four and five weeks of age when used, had smaller energy reserves in the form of body fat deposits.…”

“…More data are available concerning the white mouse and it would seem reasonable that the development of temperature regulation in this rodent is similar to that in wild mice. According to Pembrey (1895) heat regulation is well developed in the white mouse by the tenth day after birth and this is concurred in by Ginglinger andKayser ( 1929a, 1929b), Pincus, Sterne, and Enzmann (1933), and Sumner (1913). Sumner, however, states that at temperatures lower than 20-25° C. perfect temperature regulation is not developed until about 20 days of age and depends in part upon the weight of the young animal, heavier individuals having a higher degree of regulation.…”

Group and individual regulation of physiology and behavior: A behavioral, thermographic, and acoustic study of mouse development

“…Like infant rats, infant mice had previously been characterized as poikilotherms [63–64], although it had been previously reported that mouse pups spend much of their time huddling in the nest at room temperature [37] and that such huddling generally reduces oxygen consumption, implying metabolic savings [33,35]. The current study adds to these largely descriptive studies, demonstrating that PND2–8 mouse pups exhibit active group regulation in response to shifts in ambient air temperature (T a ), as had previously been characterized in young rats [9,44].…”

Inhibitory Effects of 658 nm Laser Irradiation on Skin Temperature in Anesthetized Rats: Preliminary Results from a Controlled Study

“…Already in 1895, Pembrey [5] stated that the normal rectal temperature of adult rats is about 37.5 ∘ C. MacLeod [6] also used a mercury thermometer for measuring the temperature in rats, and he found out that the mean value is about 37.9 ∘ C. In further investigations, Gudjonsson [7] reported that the body temperature of adult rats is rather unstable, but that normally it lies midway between 37 and 38 ∘ C. Since rat models are an important tool in research on different diseases and modern infrared thermal imaging methods open up new insights into the changes of superficial temperature, several investigations on this topic were performed [8]. Scientific literature concerning temperature investigations during laser acupuncture in animal experimental studies is very rare.…”