The Effect of Various Waste Materials’ Contents on the Attenuation Level of Anti-Radiation Shielding Concrete

Abstract

Samples of concrete contain various waste materials, such as iron particulates, steel balls of used ball bearings and slags from steel industry were assessed for their anti-radiation attenuation coefficient properties. The attenuation measurements were performed using gamma spectrometer of NaI (Tl) detector. The utilized radiation sources comprised 137Cs and 60Co radioactive elements with photon energies of 0.662 MeV for 137Cs and two energy levels of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV for the 60Co. Likewise the mean free paths for the tested samples were obtained. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the waste loading rates and the particulate dispersive manner within the concrete matrix on the attenuation coefficients. The maximum linear attenuation coefficient (μ) was attained for concrete incorporates iron filling wastes of 30 wt %. They were of 1.12 ± 1.31×10−3 for 137Cs and 0.92 ± 1.57 × 10−3 for 60Co. Substantial improvement in attenuation performance by 20%–25% was achieved for concrete samples incorporate iron fillings as opposed to that of steel ball samples at different (5%–30%) loading rates. The steel balls and the steel slags gave much inferior values. The microstructure, concrete-metal composite density, the homogeneity and particulate dispersion were examined and evaluated using different metallographic, microscopic and measurement facilities.

Evaluation of X-Ray Radiation Shielding of Concrete With Two Polymeric Additives

“…Where, (5-30) % of iron slag and ball bearing balls have been substantial add to concrete and this addition lead to enhancement the bulk density and improvement in attenuation performance of the concrete walls by Substantial improvement of 20%-25%. [7].…”

Potential Soil Contamination in Areas Where Ferronickel Slag Is Used for Reclamation Work

“…FNS has high potential as a filling material and concrete aggregate, because it is chemically stable (Wang and Thompson [3], Wang [4], Colangelo and Cioffi [5], Ali et al . [6]). Accordingly, other countries, for example, New Caledonia and Japan, started to study FNS 120 years ago and have constructed practical systems through research.…”

Investigation of Shielding Performance of Concretes Produced with Iron Fillings Using Betatron X-Ray Radiography

“…The concrete shielding properties may vary depending on the material components of the concrete. Aggregates are the largest constituent (about 70-80% of the total weight of normal concrete) [3,6]. The radiation shielding properties of concrete can be changed by adding different materials into concrete.…”

“…Radiation shielding concrete can be used to attenuate both neutron and photons. The photon interaction with the matter depends on the incoming photon energy and the density of the shielding material [3,4]. A good shielding material should have high absorption cross-section for radiation and at the same time irradiation effects on its mechanical properties should be small [5].…”

“…Addition of metal particles to concrete to enhance its density can be used for gamma and X-ray shielding purposes. There are many different theoretical and experimental studies working on improvement of concrete properties to suit the shielding requirements by means of photon attenuation coefficient [2,3,[5][6][7][8][9]. X-rays have three principal uses as diagnostic, therapeutic and in non medical radiographic devices.…”