The effect of visual information on the manual approach and landing

Abstract

The visual scene is an important source of information for the manual approach and landing task. This paper deals vith the effect of this information in combination with baaic display information on the approach perfoxmauce. In this context, a pre-experimental model analysis has been performed in terms of the optimal control -1 . The resulting aircraft approach performance predictions were caupared vith the results of a moving base simulator program.The results illustrate that the model provides a neanbgful description of the visual (scene) perception process involved in the c a q l u (multivariable, tine varying) manual approach task with a useful predictive capability. The theoretical fismnrork has been s h m to allow a straightIomard investigation of the complex interaction of a variety of task variables.The manual approach and landing is a complex manual control task. Tke process is t h e (range) va.rying and involves multivariable task objectives, visual scene and display information and a colnplex pilot's control strategy. Although many studies have dealt with s variety or aspects of this approach and landing task, accident statistics indicate that there are still important unsnavved questions. This p6per s\pmrsrizes the results of a theoretical and experimental program addressing the effect of v i s u a l information on the manual approach and landing. SpecificaUy, this concerned Visual scene information which vas the subject of a previous study (Refs. 1 and 2) and basic (head-up) display infomation. From that study it could be concluded that the Visuil acene perception process can be modelled (described) on the basis of linear perspective geumetry and relative motion cues.In the present study the effect o? visual scene information was investigated by considering three (good, poor and night) visibiiity conditions. These three conditions were combined with three basic head-up https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820026165 2018-05-12T05:06:22+00:00Z

The pilot model balked landing simulation project: A government, industry and national research cooperation

“…Due to the short duration of the visual segment (about 20 seconds), these random signals have a mean and a variation which both decrease as the aircraft approaches the runway. They are based on the results of the manned simulations of the balked landing and on the results of a study on the position perception accuracy by Wewerinke (21,22) .…”

“…The approach taken here is based on the work of McRuer on pilots' control behaviour, of Clement on pilot control during the manual ILS approach, and of Wewerinke on perception accuracy during the visual segment (18,19,21,22) . The inaccuracy of a pilot's perception of the aircraft position is modelled by a slowly varying random bias ('pilot position uncertainty' in Fig.…”

A Model of Manual Control with Perspective Scene Viewing

“…15,16 Wewerinke applied OCM techniques to examine the visual cues necessary for glideslope control in the landing task. 17,18 These OCM approaches have typically represented the perspective scene viewing with a linear combination of the states, where the combinatorial weights are governed by the perspective scene features. 'Measurements' obtained from the perspective scene are used as inputs to a state estimator, which provides a reconstruction of the system state to be used by the operator to control the vehicle.…”