The Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Various Elements in Elite Taekwondo Players

Patlar, Süleyman; Boyali, Ekrem; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, Rasim

doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8668-3

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These complications, in turn, lead to an impairment of the distribution of elements in body fluids. Several researchers have reported a decrease in the element levels in the blood and tissues following exercise [24,29,30]. It is accepted that the concerned decrease in the blood and tissues is associated with a variety of factors, including the type and severity of exercise, as well as personal regulation and nutrition [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have reported a decrease in the element levels in the blood and tissues following exercise [24,29,30]. It is accepted that the concerned decrease in the blood and tissues is associated with a variety of factors, including the type and severity of exercise, as well as personal regulation and nutrition [30]. The fact that physical exercise causes a redistribution of trace elements among body reserves, blood and tissues and that increased metabolism results in deficiency suggest a possible relation between sportive performance and element metabolism [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of zinc supplementation on the distribution of various elements in the serum of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise

et al. 2011

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The present study aims to examine the effect of supplementation of zinc on the distribution of various elements in the sera of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise. A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley-type adult male rats were equally allocated to one of eight groups: Group 1, general; Group 2, zinc-supplemented; Group 3, zinc-supplemented diabetic; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, zinc-supplemented swimming; Group 6, zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; and Group 8, diabetes. The rats were injected with 40 mg/kg/day subcutaneous streptozotocin (STZ) twice, with a 24-h interval between two injections. Zinc was supplemented at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day (ip) for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 4-week study, and serum levels of lead, cobalt, molybdenum, chrome, sulfur, magnesium, manganese, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, copper, iron, calcium, zinc, and selenium (mg/L) were determined with atomic emission. The lowest molybdenum, chrome, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and zinc values were obtained in Group 7 and 8. These same parameters were higher in the swimming exercise group (Group 4), relative to all other groups. The values in zinc-supplemented groups were found lower than the values in Group 4, but higher than those in Group 6 and 7. The results obtained from the study demonstrate that acute swimming exercise and diabetes affect the distribution of various elements in the serum, while zinc supplementation can prevent the negative conditions associated with both exercise and diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of zinc supplementation on the distribution of various elements in the serum of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise

et al. 2011

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“…However, despite its ameliorative effects, exercise (which is also considered to be a controlled catabolic process) leads to the destruction of muscle and even bone tissue, to a certain extent (4,5). Given the mechanisms of immune responses, it can be argued that tissue injury in the skeletal muscle resulting from exercise paves the way for activation of immune reactions (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major reason behind the increase is that muscle injury caused by exercise serves as a strong signal for IL-6 response (8,9). While developing appropriate training programs to increase performance in physical activity, the dietary alternatives in athlete nutrition are also given greater emphasis (10)(11)(12). However, when strategies for athlete performance and diet are devised, one of the major issues that requires consideration is the elimination of factors that may negatively impact the health of an athlete (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a four-week exercise program on the secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines in elite Taekwondo athletes

Kaya

2016

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine how a 4-week exercise program affects the serum levels of certain cytokines in Taekwondo athletes. The study involved 10 elite male Taekwondo athletes (mean age, 20.67±0.24 years; mean weight, 65.45±1.69 kg) who were studying at the Physical Education and Sports High School of Selçuk University (Konya, Turkey) in June 2014. The subjects were involved in a Taekwondo exercise program on every weekday for 4 weeks. The subjects were also engaged in an exercise to exhaustion session twice; once before starting the 4-week exercise program and once upon completion of the program. Blood samples were collected from the subjects in four rounds: During rest, upon fatigue, and before and after the 4-week exercise program. These samples were analyzed to establish the serum levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kits. Pre-and post-exercise program, the IFN-γ and TNF-α levels did not show any significant difference. When compared with the pre-exercise levels, serum IL-2 levels of the subjects were found to be elevated after the 4-week exercise program. The highest serum IL-6 values were established after the subjects were exercised to fatigue before the exercise program was initiated (P<0.05). The 4-week exercise program resulted in a decrease in IL-6 levels (P<0.05). The findings of the study indicate that a 4-week exercise program did not result in significant changes in IFN-γ and TNF-α levels, but led to an increase in IL-2 levels. The notable finding of the present study is that a 4-week exercise program reduces cellular immune functions and, thus, the levels of IL-6, which negatively influences performance.

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“…It is well established in the literature that physical exercise leads to direct benefits in reducing blood pressure in both humans and animals [6][7][8] and can also affect distribution of elements (boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, sulfur, zinc) in the body [9][10][11]. In humans, the reduction of iron in the body by physical exercise is due to the increased demand for iron, rising levels of erythropoiesis, losses through the digestive and urinary tracts, losses in sweat associated with the synthesis of myoglobin and enzymes that contain iron [12][13][14][15], and dilution of erythrocytes due to increased plasma induced by aerobic exercise [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Physical Exercise on the Serum Iron Profile in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Frank

Esteves

Lopes

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile of serum iron in spontaneously hypertensive rats after an aerobic physical exercise. To accomplish this, 12 normotensive Wistar rats and 12 spontaneously hypertensive rats were distributed into "physical exercise" and "no physical exercise" groups. The animals in the physical exercise group underwent to an aerobic exercise for a total of 4 weeks. Blood was collected for the analysis of iron. Our results indicate that rats of the physical exercise group had significantly lower serum iron levels after the aerobic exercise protocol compared to the spontaneously hypertensive rats no physical exercise group (F ((3,16)) = 4.4915, p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between no physical exercise groups. The results indicated that the difference in iron may be due to an increased demand for iron, prompted by chronic physical exercise. In addition, erythrocytosis has been associated with increased blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, suggesting that iron reduction may be related to decreased blood pressure in these animals.

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The Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Various Elements in Elite Taekwondo Players

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of zinc supplementation on the distribution of various elements in the serum of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise

Effect of zinc supplementation on the distribution of various elements in the serum of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise

Effect of a four-week exercise program on the secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines in elite Taekwondo athletes

The Effects of Physical Exercise on the Serum Iron Profile in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

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