The effect of yield damage on the viscoelastic properties of cortical bone tissue as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

Yeni, Yener N.; Shaffer, Richard R.; Baker, Kevin C.; Dong, Xuesong; Grimm, Michele J.; Les, Clifford M.; Fyhrie, David P.

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.31169

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown that the viscous nature of bone depends on hydration condition of the tissue (Yamashita et al, 2002), and such viscoelastic properties as storage modulus and loss modulus of bone increase with increasing damage density (Yeni et al, 2004; Yeni et al, 2007). In this study, a much higher total stress relaxation (Δσ) and a slightly greater time constant (τ) were observed in compression than in tension (Figures 6 and 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the mechanical behavior of cortical bone between compression and tension when subjected to progressive loading

Nyman

Leng

Dong

et al. 2009

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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The hierarchical arrangement of collagen and mineral into bone tissue presumabley maximizes fracture resistance with respect to the predominant strain mode in bone. Thus, the ability of cortical bone to dissipate energy may differ between compression and tension for the same anatomical site. To test this notion, we subjected bone specimens from the anterior quadrant of human cadaveric tibiae to a progressive loading scheme in either uniaxial tension or uniaxial compression. One tension (dog-bone shape) and one compression specimen (cylindrical shape) were collected each from tibiae of nine middle aged male donors. At each cycle of loading-dwell-unloading-dwell-reloading, we calculated maximum stress, permanent strain, modulus, stress relaxation, time constant, and 3 pathways of energy dissipation for both loading modes. In doing so, we found that bone dissipated greater energy through the mechanisms of permanent and viscoelastic deformation in compression than in tension. On the other hand, however, bone dissipated greater energy through the release of surface energy in tension than in compression. Moreover, differences in the plastic and viscoelastic properties after yielding were not reflected in the evolution of modulus loss (an indicator of damage accumulation), which was similar for both loading modes. A possible explanation is that differences in damage morphology between the two loading modes may favor the plastic and viscolelastic energy dissipation in compression, but facilitate the surface energy release in tension. Such detailed information about failure mechanisms of bone at the tissue-level would help explain the underlying causes of bone fractures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the mechanical behavior of cortical bone between compression and tension when subjected to progressive loading

Nyman

Leng

Dong

et al. 2009

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…In addition, ultimate displacement (Δ u ), the maximum displacement traveled by the cross-head before specimen’s failure, and work to fracture (W), the total amount of work done for fracture, were obtained as measures of structural ductility. Also, post-yield energy (W py ) was estimated as a ductility measure, where yield point was found using 5% secant stiffness method [25]. In order to assess the variation of structural ductility measures relative to strength, W py , W and Δ u were normalized with strength to produce post-yield energy to strength ratio (W py /F max ), work to fracture to strength ratio (W/F max ) and ultimate displacement to strength ratio (Δ u /F max ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Microstructural Variability is Associated With Decreased Structural Strength But With Increased Measures of Structural Ductility in Human Vertebrae

Yerramshetty

Yeni

2009

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Background The lack of accuracy in the prediction of vertebral fracture risk from average density measurements, all external factors being equal, may not just be because bone mineral density (BMD) is less than a perfect surrogate for bone strength but also because strength alone may not be sufficient to fully characterize the structural failure of a vertebra. Apart from bone quantity, the regional variation of cancellous architecture would have a role in governing mechanical properties of vertebrae. Method of Approach In this study, we estimated various microstructural parameters of the vertebral cancellous centrum based on stereological analysis. An earlier study indicated that within-vertebra variability, measured as the coefficient of variation (COV) of bone volume fraction (BV/TV) or as COV of finite element-estimated apparent modulus (EFE) correlated well with vertebral strength. Therefore, as an extension to our earlier study, we investigated i) whether the relationships of vertebral strength found with COV of BV/TV and COV of EFE could be extended to the COV of other micro-structural parameters and microcomputed tomography-estimated bone mineral density (μCT-BMD) and ii) whether COV of microstructural parameters were associated with structural ductility measures. Results COV-based measures were more strongly associated with vertebral strength and ductility measures than average microstructural measures. Moreover, our results support a hypothesis that decreased microstructural variability, while associated with increased strength, may result in decreased structural toughness and ductility. Conclusions The current findings suggest that variability-based measures could provide an improvement, as a supplement to clinical BMD, in screening for fracture risk through an improved prediction of bone strength and ductility. Further understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying microstructural variability may help develop new treatment strategies for improved structural ductility.

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“…The post-yield behavior of bone is usually associated with microdamage accumulation (Forwood and Parker, 1989; Burr et al, 1997, 1998; Fazzalari et al, 1998a, b; Norman et al, 1998; Reilly and Currey, 1999; Timlin et al, 2000; Akkus and Rimnac, 2001), viscoelastic responses (Bredbenner and Davy, 2006; Joo et al, 2007; Yeni et al, 2007), and plastic deformation (Fondrk et al, 1988). For instance, yielding coincides with the formation of damage in bone (Zioupos et al, 1994), and the induced damages may lead to an elevated viscoelastic response of bone (Yeni et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, yielding coincides with the formation of damage in bone (Zioupos et al, 1994), and the induced damages may lead to an elevated viscoelastic response of bone (Yeni et al, 2007). In addition, microdamage accumulation plays a significant role in energy dissipation in both fatigue and monotonic fractures of bone (Schaffler et al, 1995; Burr et al, 1997; Jepsen and Davy, 1997; Martin et al, 1997; Fazzalari et al, 1998a, b; Norman et al, 1998; Vashishth et al, 1997, 2003; Zioupos, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive post-yield behavior of human cortical bone in compression for middle-aged and elderly groups

Leng

Dong

Wang

2009

Journal of Biomechanics

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In this study, a progressive loading regimen (load-dwell-unloading-dwell-reloading) was applied on bone samples to examine the compressive post-yield response of bone at increasing strain levels. Cortical bone specimens from human tibiae of two age groups (middle-aged group: 53±2 years, 4 females and 4 males, elderly group: 83±6 years, 4 females and 4 males) were loaded in compression using the progressive loading scheme. Modulus degradation, plastic deformation, viscous response, and energy dissipation of bone during post-yield deformation were assessed. Although initial modulus was not significantly different between the two age groups, the degradation of modulus with the applied strain in the elderly group was faster than in the middleaged group. The modulus loss (or microdamage accumulation) of bone occurred prior to plastic deformation. Plastic strain had a similar linear relationship with the applied strain for both middleaged and the elderly group although middle-aged bone yielded at a greater strain. The viscoelastic time constant changed similarly with increasing strain for the two groups, whereas a higher magnitude of stress relaxation was observed in the middle-aged group. Energy dissipation was investigated through three pathways: elastic release strain energy, hysteresis energy, and plastic strain energy. The middle-aged group had significantly greater capacity of energy dissipation than the elderly group in all three pathways. The information obtained may provide important insights in age-related effects on bone fragility.

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The effect of yield damage on the viscoelastic properties of cortical bone tissue as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 59 publications

Differences in the mechanical behavior of cortical bone between compression and tension when subjected to progressive loading

Differences in the mechanical behavior of cortical bone between compression and tension when subjected to progressive loading

Increased Microstructural Variability is Associated With Decreased Structural Strength But With Increased Measures of Structural Ductility in Human Vertebrae

Progressive post-yield behavior of human cortical bone in compression for middle-aged and elderly groups

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