The effect of β-glucan on formation and functionality of neutrophil extracellular traps in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Contribution of nuclease to the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila

“…20 Furthermore, the activity of this nuclease has been detected in supernatant from A. hydrophila. 15 However, whether it mediates pathogenesis in A. hydrophila is still not well known.…”

“…14 During A. hydrophila infection, the formation of ETs by the head-kidney increases, demonstrating its contribution to defense against A. hydrophila infection. 15 Many bacteria produce nucleases to break down the DNA backbone of ETs, which allows the bacteria to rapidly escape from the infection site. Experimental evidence suggests that these enzymes increase bacterial invasiveness.…”

Beta-(1,3/1,6)-D-glucan Helps to Decrease Opportunistic Infections in Crohn's Disease Patients Treated with Biological Therapy

“…The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps has been characterized as a novel antimicrobial host defense strategy of neutrophils besides phagocytosis and degranulation, which may lead to entrapment and subsequent immobilisation and/or killing of bacterial pathogens. Recent data underline the fact the feed additive beta-glucan is able to modulate neutrophil function [4].…”

Innate immunity of carp : fishing for receptors

“…Although it appeared to have only a local effect on the immune system, β-glucans can significantly improve wound healing of damaged carp skin when applied to the water (Przybylska-Diaz et al, 2013). In vitro studies have shown that β-glucans applied to carp leukocytes can induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and modulate the response to Aeromonas hydrophila, an important fish pathogen (Brogden et al, 2012), (Brogden et al, 2014). Thus, it may be clear that, even though definite β-glucan receptors remain to be identified, administration of β-glucans does stimulate the innate immune system of carp.…”