The Effect on Hydration of Two Diets, One with and One without Plain Water

Grandjean, Ann C.; Reimers, Kristin J.; Haven, Mary C.; Curtis, Gary L.

doi:10.1080/07315724.2003.10719290

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For well-hydrated persons, who are in energy balance, a first morning (after urinating) nude BW will be stable and fluctuate by G1% (1,31,64,65). At least three consecutive morning nude BW measurements should be made to establish a baseline value, which approximates euhydration, in active men consuming food and fluid ad libitum (31).…”

Section: Exercise and Fluid Replacementmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exercise and Fluid Replacement

2007

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

1,188

526

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This Position Stand provides guidance on fluid replacement to sustain appropriate hydration of individuals performing physical activity. The goal of prehydrating is to start the activity euhydrated and with normal plasma electrolyte levels. Prehydrating with beverages, in addition to normal meals and fluid intake, should be initiated when needed at least several hours before the activity to enable fluid absorption and allow urine output to return to normal levels. The goal of drinking during exercise is to prevent excessive (>2% body weight loss from water deficit) dehydration and excessive changes in electrolyte balance to avert compromised performance. Because there is considerable variability in sweating rates and sweat electrolyte content between individuals, customized fluid replacement programs are recommended. Individual sweat rates can be estimated by measuring body weight before and after exercise. During exercise, consuming beverages containing electrolytes and carbohydrates can provide benefits over water alone under certain circumstances. After exercise, the goal is to replace any fluid electrolyte deficit. The speed with which rehydration is needed and the magnitude of fluid electrolyte deficits will determine if an aggressive replacement program is merited.

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Section: Exercise and Fluid Replacementmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exercise and Fluid Replacement

2007

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

1,188

526

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“…Overall, homeostatic systems in the body generally ensure that body water balance is maintained by regulating sensations of thirst and the quantity of urine excreted. In most healthy people, this results in a very precise control of water balance, and it is estimated that changes are maintained within 0.2% of body mass over 24 hours (Grandjean et al. 2003).…”

Section: How Does the Body Balance Water Intake And Water Output?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration and health: a review

2010

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Water is essential for life and maintaining optimal levels of hydration is important for humans to function well. Water makes up a large proportion of our body weight (60% on average), distributed between the intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (water in the blood and in between cells) compartments. Water is the major component of body fluids, such as blood, synovial fluid (fluid in the joints), saliva and urine, which perform vital functions in the body. The concentration of solutes (osmolality) in body fluids is closely controlled, and even very small changes in osmolality trigger a physiological response; either to increase body water by reducing urinary output and stimulating thirst; or to excrete excess water as urine. Generally, body water is maintained within narrow limits. However, if water losses are not sufficiently replaced, dehydration occurs. Extreme dehydration is very serious and can be fatal. More mild dehydration (about 2% loss of body weight) can result in headaches, fatigue and reduced physical and mental performance. It is also possible to consume too much water and in rare cases this can result in hyponatraemia (low levels of sodium in the blood).We can get water from almost all drinks and from some foods in the diet. Food provides about 20% on average and this could vary widely depending on the types of food chosen. We also get water from all the drinks we consume, with the exception of stronger alcoholic drinks like wines and spirits. All these can contribute to dietary water, but also have other effects on health both positive and negative. The major concerns with regards to beverages are their energy content and their effect on dental health. With obesity levels continuing to increase it is important for many in the population to control their energy intake, and drinks as well as foods must be considered for their energy content. With regards to dental health, there are two concerns; dental caries and dental erosion. Dental caries are caused by a reduction in pH due to bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, and so the frequency of consumption of drinks containing sugars is a concern for risk of caries. Dental erosion occurs at a lower pH and is caused by the consumption of acidic foods and drinks, in particular, citrus juices and soft drinks containing acids.Individual water needs vary widely depending on many factors including body size and composition, the environment and levels of physical activity. Thus it is very difficult to make generic recommendations about the amount of water to consume. The FSA currently recommends drinking about 1.2 litres per day (about 6-8 glasses).

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“…However, these views have been challenged by recent evidence that caffeine-containing beverages do not affect fluid balance if consumed in amounts normally found in standard servings of coffee, tea and soft drinks [4] and that the caffeinated beverages hydrate the body as good as plain water [5,6]. A study by Grandjean et al [5] on the effect of two regimes, one with plain water and another without plain water on the hydration status showed the similar results. In that study, twenty-seven healthy sedentary males undertook two trials with two diet regimes, one included plain water and caffeinated drinks as part of the beverages and another trial provided caffeinated drinks without plain water, while diet, physical activity and environment were controlled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…However, some recent evidence suggest that other beverages such as orange juice, coffee [5,16,17,18] and black tea [6] are as good as plain water to hydrate the body. Thus, the participants in our study may need to reconsider their view about other beverages besides plain water to rehydrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness professionals’ knowledge and perceptions on hydration and fluid intake: a preliminary study

Jusoh

Shirreffs

2018

J. Fundam and Appl Sci.

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This descriptive study examined the extent of hydration knowledge and fluid intake pattern in people who work within fitness industry. Fourty fitness professionals were asked to complete a questionnaire about their perspectives on hydration, thirst and fluid intake pattern. Water was the most preferred drink before (75.0%), during (72.5%) and after exercise (60.0%) as well as generally during the day (75.0%). Most participants rated plain tap water and plain bottled mineral water as excellent sources of water for human body, whereas colas or lemonade and chocolate drinks were rated as a poor source of water. To conclude, the fitness professionals generally demonstrated substantial knowledge about the timing and benefits of fluid replacement, hydration status monitoring and the health consequences of water consumption, but lack understanding on the type of beverages that adequately hydrate the body.

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The Effect on Hydration of Two Diets, One with and One without Plain Water

Abstract: Inclusion of plain drinking water compared to exclusion of plain drinking water in the diet did not affect the markers of hydration used in this study.

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Exercise and Fluid Replacement

Exercise and Fluid Replacement

Hydration and health: a review

Fitness professionals’ knowledge and perceptions on hydration and fluid intake: a preliminary study

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