The effective variance weighting for least squares calculations applied to the mass balance receptor model

Watson, John G.; Cooper, J.A.; Huntzicker, James J.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(84)90043-x

Cited by 352 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Chemical mass balance is also a widely used receptor model for cases in which the number and profiles of sources are available (Watson et al, 1984;Chen et al, 2012). Similar to PMF, the CMB can be described as…”

Section: Receptor Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5

et al. 2014

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Abstract. To quantify the total, direct and indirect impacts of fireworks individually, size-resolved PM samples were collected before, during and after a Chinese folk festival (Chinese New Year) in a megacity in China. Through chemical analysis and morphological characterisation, a strong influence of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of PM 10 and PM 2.5 was observed. The concentrations of many species exhibited an increasing trend during the heavy-firework period, especially for K + , Mg 2+ and Cr; the results of the non-sea-salt ions demonstrated an anthropogenic influence on K + and Mg 2+ . Then, source apportionment was conducted by receptor models and peak analysis (PA). The total influence of the fireworks was quantified by positive matrix factorisation (PMF), showing that the fireworks contributed higher fractions (23.40 % for PM 10 and 29.66 % for PM 2.5 ) during the heavy-firework period than during the light-firework period (4.28 % for PM 10 and 7.18 % for PM 2.5 ). The profiles of the total fireworks obtained by two independent methods (PMF and peak analysis) were consistent, with higher abundances of K + , Al, Si, Ca and organic carbon (OC). Finally, the individual contributions of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks were quantified by chemical mass balance (CMB). The percentage contributions of resuspended dust, biomass combustion and direct fireworks were 36.8 ± 8.37 %, 14.1 ± 2.82 % and 44.4 ± 8.26 %, respectively, for PM 10 and 34.9 ± 4.19 %, 16.6 ± 3.05 % and 52.5 ± 9.69 %, respectively, for PM 2.5 , in terms of the total fireworks. The quantification of the total, direct and indirect impacts of fireworks in the ambient PM gives a original contribution for understanding the physicochemical characteristics and mechanisms of such high-intensity anthropogenic activities.

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Section: Receptor Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5

et al. 2014

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“…The chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model was used to apportion PM and its chemical constituents to their sources (Watson et al 1984). The CMB consists of a set of linear equations which express the ambient concentrations of chemical species as the sum of the products of the source contributions (lg/m 3 ) and the source composition profiles.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current CMB software (EPA version 8.2 http://www.epa.gov/scram001/receptor_cmb. htm) applies the effective variance least-squares solution developed and tested by Watson et al (1984) to solve these equations.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter source apportionment in Cairo: recent measurements and comparison with previous studies

Lowenthal

Gertler

Labib

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper presents results of an atmospheric particulate matter (PM) monitoring and source apportionment study conducted during summer and fall 2010 in Cairo. These results are compared to those of similar studies in 1999 and 2002. Concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 mass and their chemical constituents were determined and chemical mass balance modeling was conducted to estimate the source contributions to ambient PM. Emphasis was placed on characterizing the long-term trends in atmospheric lead (Pb) concentrations and their sources in Cairo. PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations were highest during fall 1999 at four of the five study sites. This was also the case for open (vegetative/trash) burning contributions, which showed a smaller increase during fall 2010. Burning of agricultural waste after the fall harvest continues to be a major source of PM in Cairo. Both PM 2.5 and PM 10 mass decreased dramatically at Shobra, an industrial site, from 1999 to 2010. A reduction of lead smelting has resulted in a decrease of ambient Pb concentrations of up to two orders of magnitude from 1999 to 2010 at Shobra, El-Zamalek, and El-Qualaly. From 1999 to 2010, the mobile source contribution has been relatively stable at most of the study sites. Future efforts to reduce ambient PM should focus on controlling emissions from motor vehicles and open burning and implementing mitigation strategies for reducing resuspended road and construction dust.

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“…The source contribution and standard error from the apportionment are presented in Tables 4 (PM 2.5 ) and 5 (total carbon) for three samples collected at the L site and four at the U site. The calculation of standard error in CMB applications has been described in detail previously 13 and will not be discussed here. The CMB showed that diesel emissions were the predominant source of PM 2.5 in the mine, accounting for 78 -98% of the reconstructed mass and 92-98% of total carbon.…”

Section: Final Apportionment Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,13 The CMB quantified contributions from chemically distinct source types rather than contributions from individual emitters. Sources with similar chemical and physical properties could not be distinguished from each other by the CMB.…”

Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter in an Underground Mine

McDonald

Zielińska

Sagebiel

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The chemical mass balance source apportionment technique was applied to an underground gold mine to assess the contribution of diesel exhaust, rock dust, oil mists, and cigarette smoke to airborne fine (Ͻ2.5 m) particulate matter (PM). Apportionments were conducted in two locations in the mine, one near the mining operations and one near the exit of the mine where the ventilated mine air was exhausted. Results showed that diesel exhaust contributed 78 -98% of the fine particulate mass and greater than 90% of the fine particle carbon, with rock dust making up the remainder. Oil mists and cigarette smoke contributions were below detection limits for this study. The diesel exhaust fraction of the total fine PM was higher than the recently implemented mine air quality standards based on total carbon at both sample locations in the mine.

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The effective variance weighting for least squares calculations applied to the mass balance receptor model

Cited by 352 publications

References 18 publications

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

Particulate matter source apportionment in Cairo: recent measurements and comparison with previous studies

Source Apportionment of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter in an Underground Mine

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The effective variance weighting for least squares calculations applied to the mass balance receptor model

Cited by 352 publications

References 18 publications

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;

Particulate matter source apportionment in Cairo: recent measurements and comparison with previous studies

Source Apportionment of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter in an Underground Mine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>