The Effectiveness of Health Education in Improving Knowledge about Hypoglycemia and Insulin Pen Use among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Primary Care Hospital in Vietnam

Abstract

Background. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have limited knowledge about hypoglycemia and insulin pen use are likely to have hypoglycemia and other complications. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education on knowledge about hypoglycemia and insulin pen use among outpatients with T2DM at a primary care hospital in Vietnam. Methods. A pretest–posttest study was conducted among 80 patients with T2DM at District 11 Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. At baseline, patients were interviewed through a predefined, structural questionnaire to assess their knowledge about hypoglycemia and insulin pen use. After that, patients underwent an individual health education session about hypoglycemia and insulin pen. One month and two months after this intervention, knowledge about hypoglycemia and insulin pen use were recorded again. Results. The majority were males (65.0%) and the mean age was 59.6 (standard deviation 8.1, range 35-75) years. Very few patients had good knowledge and proper insulin pen use, with percentages ranging from 13.8% to 60%. There was a significant improvement of knowledge and practice after the intervention. Such improvement remained high one month and two months after the intervention. Conclusions. The health education intervention is effective in improving knowledge and practice in this population. There is a pressing need for such intervention at primary care hospitals to optimize treatment for patients with T2DM, possibly focusing on those who had characteristics to have the best effectiveness found in this study.

Investigation of Association Between Insulin Injection Technique and Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…Injecting insulin at a 90°angle causes less insulin leakage than angular insertion (~45°) (22). In the present study, almost half of the patients (49.5%) removed the needle from the skin after the injection at an appropriate time, which compared to previous studies in Canada (39%), Vietnam (33.8%), and India (12.5%) was higher (23)(24)(25). Although the needle should be held under the skin for 6 -10 seconds according to the recommendations to ensure the complete absorption of insulin (25), some patients do not pay attention to this point; as a result, the effectiveness of insulin is reduced.…”

Utilization of educational videos in increasing knowledge and skills of insulin pen injection in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: Literature Review

“…Saat ini masih terdapat kesalahan dalam praktik injeksi pena insulin yang dilakukan oleh pasien dirumah, diantaranya adalah tidak membersihkan tangan sebelum injeksi pena insulin (30 menahan jarum didalam jaringan <5 detik (90%), tidak merotasi area lokasi penyuntikan (7,11%), penggunakan jarum lebih dari lima kali (3,11%), tidak menyimpan pena insulin yang sedang digunakan pada suhu kamar (94,23%) (Patil et al, 2016). Memijat kulit setelah injeksi (24,3%), tidak melakukan mengeluarkan udara didalam jarum (priming) setelah pemasangan jarum (18,7%), Hal tersebut terjadi karna pasien DM belum memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup tentang injeksi pena insulin (Chu et al, 2021). Kurangnya pengetahuan tersebut kemungkinan akan menyebabkan peningkatan risiko akibat lanjut hiperglikemia (67,4), hipoglikemia (36,7%) (Hasan et al, 2020).…”

“…(Liang et al, 2021) juga mengatakan bahwa pengetahuan kelompok intervensi lebih tinggi dari pada pengetahuan kelompok kontrol setelah intervensi. Sesuai dengan penelitian sebelumnya, bahwa intervensi edukasi berbasis video yang diberikan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan injeksi pena insulin (Chu et al, 2021). Sependapat dengan Ji et al, (2018), yang mengatakan bahwa edukasi berbasis video meningkatkan pengetahuan manajemen diabetes yang didalamnya mebahas tentang teknik injeksi pena insulin.…”

“…Satu artikel tidak meninjau perubahan perilaku hingga keterampilan namun hanya meninjau sebatas sikap pasien dalam hal injeksi pena insulin. Penelitian (Chu et al, 2021) memberikan edukasi berbasis video selama satu bulan disertai dengan melakukan demostrasi mampu meningkatkan keterampilan pasien dalammelakukan injeksi pena insulin secara mandiri. Bukti lain juga ditemukan pada penelitian (Liang et al, 2021) et al, (2021)dan Ji et al, (2018) mengevaluasi peningkatan keterampilan injeksi pena insulin setelah tiga bulan intervensi.…”