The effectiveness of Samia ricini Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and Attacus atlas L. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cocoon extracts as ultraviolet protectants of Bacillus thuringiensis for controlling Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Sukirno, Sukirno; Lukmawati, Deby; Hanum, Siti Serlinegita Latifah; Ameliya, Veggy Fazari; Sumarmi, Siti; Purwanto, Hari; Suparmin, Suparmin; Sudaryadi, Ign.; Soesilohadi, R.C. Hidayat; Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.

doi:10.1007/s42690-021-00540-5

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that sericin has a high concentration of antioxidant molecules, which play an important role in preventing UV-induced oxidative damage (Kaur et al, 2013). A previous study has demonstrated that sericin from eri silkworm can absorb UVA and UVB radiation and has a high toxicity effect on Spodoptera litura larvae when mixed with Btk for bioassay (Sukirno et al, 2022). UV radiation is an electromagnetic spectrum that is categorized into three regions: 320-400 nm as ultraviolet A (UVA), 280-320 nm as ultraviolet B (UVB), and 200-280 nm as ultraviolet C (UVC).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 1% sericin extract was added to make a Bt suspension at 10 times the lethal concentration of 95% (LC 95) (2 × 10 8 CFU/ ml) (Sukirno et al, 2022). Autoclaved dH 2 O as a negative control was used to compare the effectiveness of UV protectants.…”

Section: Larval Toxicity Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, scientists tried to improve the stability of bio-pesticides by covering Bt spores and toxins using biomaterials as UV protectants. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) was formulated with a biomaterial derived from olive oil (Maghsoudi & Jalali, 2017), tea leaves (Ningrum & Sumarmi, 2020), aloe vera (Tarigan et al, 2020), spinach leaves (Sumarmi et al, 2020), and sericin extract from eri and atlas silkworm (Sukirno et al, 2022). Silk sericin is a biological polymer consisting of glycoprotein, essential for protecting the cocoon and pupa from UV radiation during pupal stages (Kaur et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, sericin from eri and atlas cocoon has been proven effective as a UV protectant of Btk (Sukirno et al, 2022) against tobacco armyworm. This study evaluated the effectiveness of formulation of Btk and sericin extract of eri silkworm cocoon when sunlight against beet armyworm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Cocoon Extract as UV Protectant of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki in Controlling Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Sunl

Rahmatullah¹,

Sukirno²,

Ningtyas³

et al. 2023

JTAS

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a biological agent for insect pest management. Its toxins effectively control Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae, but it is sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sunlight. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sericin extract from Samia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cocoons as a UV protectant for Bt after exposure under direct sunlight for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. After being exposed to sunlight, the Bt formulae were tested against 20 larvae of 24 hr old, the first larval instar in the laboratory. The larval mortality was observed 72 hr after the treatment. The results indicated that the mortality of S. exigua in Bt + sericin extract treatment was significantly different compared with Bt alone. For the first week, the mortality of S. exigua in exposed Bt + sericin exposed Bt alone, unexposed (Bt + sericin, and unexposed Bt alone were 80, 61, 85, and 97%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that Bt + sericin, after being exposed to sunlight, still showed the presence of spore and crystal protein comparable to the unexposed Bt. Based on the results, sericin provides good protection against sunlight and prevents the Bt spores from light-induced damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Larval Toxicity Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effectiveness of Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Cocoon Extract as UV Protectant of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki in Controlling Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Sunl

Rahmatullah¹,

Sukirno²,

Ningtyas³

et al. 2023

JTAS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, the development of nanomaterials also provides new ideas for novel UV protective agents [ 72 ]. Although UV protective agents such as melanin, berberine, fluorescent whitening agents, and Congo red have significant photoprotective effects on Bt, they are cytotoxic to Bt, and may have a certain impact on the environment [ 73 ]. Herein, environmental friendliness should also be considered when UV protective agents are developed.…”

Section: Classifications and Functions Of Adjuvants Used For Microbia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Green Adjuvants for Microbial Pesticides: Recent Progress, Upcoming Challenges, and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Microbial pesticides can be significantly improved by adjuvants. At present, microbial pesticide formulations are mainly wettable powders and suspension concentrations, which are usually produced with adjuvants such as surfactants, carriers, protective agents, and nutritional adjuvants. Surfactants can improve the tension between liquid pesticides and crop surfaces, resulting in stronger permeability and wettability of the formulations. Carriers are inert components of loaded or diluted pesticides, which can control the release of active components at appropriate times. Protective agents are able to help microorganisms to resist in adverse environments. Nutritional adjuvants are used to provide nutrients for microorganisms in microbial pesticides. Most of the adjuvants used in microbial pesticides still refer to those of chemical pesticides. However, some adjuvants may have harmful effects on non-target organisms and ecological environments. Herein, in order to promote research and improvement of microbial pesticides, the types of microbial pesticide formulations were briefly reviewed, and research progress of adjuvants and their applications in microbial pesticides were highlighted, the challenges and the future perspectives towards sustainable green adjuvants of microbial pesticides were also discussed in this review.

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Attacus atlas (L.) sericin extract as an effective UV Protectant of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype kurstaki for controlling Spodoptera litura (Fab.)

Ningtyas

Rahmatullah²,

Wiranto³

et al. 2023

J.Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology

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Bacillus thuringiensis serotype kurstaki is an entomopathogenic bacteria commonly used to control the cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fab.). However, B. thuringiensis has disadvantage of being easily degraded due to exposed sunlight. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of adding A. atlas (L.) cocoon extract as UV protectant B. thuringiensis to the mortality of S. litura. This research formulated 2.5% of the original substance of A. atlas cocoon extract and B. thuringiensis serotype kurstaki strain HD-7 applied from commercial product DiPel-WP®. The formulation was exposed to sunlight for 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The suspension treated for 20 individuals of first instar larvae S. litura shifted into the artificial diet using 3-5 replicates. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) method began from a sample that was vacuumed, sample coated, and observed on SEM with the electron in a certain level probe. This research showed that the mortality of S. litura decreased with the growth of S. litura. The mortality of S. litura achieved 20%-100% mortality after treatments. The A. atlas cocoon extract was effective as UV protectant B. thuringiensis for three weeks of exposure to sunlight. The SEM analysis represented that formulation of B. thuringiensis and A. atlas cocoon extract sunlight exposure for one week has harsher surface than exposed during three weeks.

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The effectiveness of Samia ricini Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and Attacus atlas L. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cocoon extracts as ultraviolet protectants of Bacillus thuringiensis for controlling Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Effectiveness of Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Cocoon Extract as UV Protectant of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki in Controlling Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Sunl

Effectiveness of Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Cocoon Extract as UV Protectant of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki in Controlling Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Sunl

Towards Sustainable Green Adjuvants for Microbial Pesticides: Recent Progress, Upcoming Challenges, and Future Perspectives

<i>Attacus atlas</i> (L.) sericin extract as an effective UV Protectant of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> serotype <i>kurstaki</i> for controlling <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Fab.)

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