Methyl bromide is an excellent fumigant but has been banned because it has high potential for depleting the ozone layer which leads to many environmental and human health hazard issues. In this connection, effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO, 99.9%) was studied as an alternative to methyl bromide under various exposure timings, 25 ± 1 °C, against different developmental stages of the almond moth, Cadra cautella, and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In case of C. cautella, the LT against adult, pupa, and larval stages was achieved after 37.5, 78.1, and 99.9 h of CO application, respectively. While for T. castaneum, the LT values were obtained after exposure timings of 29.3, 153.9, and 78.4 h against adult, pupa, and larval stages, respectively. Adults were very susceptible; in contrast, pupae and larvae were more tolerant. The susceptibility order was observed as follows: T. castaneum adult > C. cautella adult > C. cautella pupae > T. castaneum larvae > C. cautella larvae > T. castaneum pupae. This study could be useful in developing the management strategies to prevent stored dates from C. cautella and T. castaneum infestation.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung atau tidak langsung dari ketepatan metode pembelajaran, penguatan dari guru dan penerimaan teman sebaya terhadap pemahaman materi ekonomi dan keterampilan bertanya siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah 647 siswa SMA di Sleman yang menggunakan K 13. Sampel sejumlah 472 siswa menggunakan teknik stratified proportional random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: ketepatan metode pembelajaran dan penguatan dari guru memberikan pengaruh langsung dan signifikan terhadap pemahaman materi siswa, sedangkan penerimaan teman sebaya tidak. Namun secara simultan faktor tersebut memberikan pengaruh langsung dan signifikan terhadap pemahaman materi siswa. Penguatan dari guru, penerimaan teman sebaya dan pemahaman materi memberikan pengaruh secara langsung dan signifikan terhadap keterampilan bertanya siswa, sedangkan metode pembelajaran tidak. Namun secara simultan faktor tersebut memberikan pengaruh langsung dan signifikan terhadap keterampilan bertanya. Apabila dilihat dari pengaruh tidak langsung, metode pembelajaran dan penguatan dari guru memberikan pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap keterampilan bertanya. Sedangkan penerimaan teman sebaya cenderung memberikan pengaruh langsung.
Abstrak : Pengaruh Independensi, Akuntabilitas, Dan Objektivitas Terhadap Kualitas Audit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh Independensi terhadap Kualitas Audit, (2) pengaruh Akuntabilitas terhadap Kualitas Audit, (3) pengaruh Objektivitas terhadap Kualitas Audit pada, (4) pengaruh Independensi, Akuntabilitas dan Objektivitas terhadap Kualitas Audit. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 41 auditor internal yang bekerja pada Inspektorat Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear sederhana, regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Terdapat pengaruh positif Independensi terhadap Kualitas Audit, (2) Terdapat pengaruh positif Akuntabilitas terhadap Kualitas Audit, (3) Terdapat pengaruh positif Objektivitas terhadap Kualitas Audit, (4) Terdapat pengaruh positif Independensi, Akuntabilitas, dan Objektivitas terhadap Kualitas Audit. Kata kunci: Independensi, Akuntabilitas, Objektivitas, Kualitas Audit.
Hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil over NiMo/ZAL (nickel molybdenum/zeolit alam Lampung) catalyst was investigated under temperatures of 375°C and 400°C and H 2 pressure of 15 bar in a semibatch stirred autoclave reactor. NiMo/ZAL catalyst was prepared using a rapid cooling method. NiMo/ZAL characterization revealed a crystal size of 70.07 nm, surface area of 12.25 m 2 /g, and pore size and pore volume of 9.83 Å and 0.0062 cm 3 /g, respectively. The hydrodeoxygenation removal pathway of palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil over NiMo/ZAL catalyst was primarily achieved through decarboxylation. Under hydrogen pressure of 15 bar and temperature of 375°C, palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil can be converted into paraffin chains (from n-C 15 up to n-C 18) by a decarboxylation reaction that produces water, methane, and CO x gases as byproducts and contains some undesirable reactions. These byproducts can produce alkene bonds that form chains different from those in conventional diesel fuel. The conversion was 80.87%, selectivity was 52.78%, and yield was 45.66%. The hydrodeoxygenation reaction catalyzed by NiMo/ZAL catalyst was found to be suitable for removing oxygen and producing paraffin chains; this increased the heating value and stability of renewable diesel fuel.
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