The effects of a heat treatment on the behaviour of extractives in softwood studied by FTIR spectroscopic methods

Nuopponen, Markus; Vuorinen, Tapani; Jämsä, Saila; Viitaniemi, Pertti

doi:10.1007/s00226-003-0178-4

Cited by 139 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nuopponen et al (2003) found that fats, waxes, and resin acids moved along the axial parenchyma cells to the surface of Scots pine during thermal modification. Watersoluble and alcohol-soluble extractives increase in pine and eucalyptus wood after thermal modification (Esteves et al 2008(Esteves et al , 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of Post-extraction on Photostability of Thermally Modified Scots Pine Wood during Artificial Weathering

Shen¹,

Cao²,

Sun³

et al. 2016

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The photo-stabilizing effect of post-extraction was evaluated for thermally modified wood. Extracted and non-extracted thermally modified Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples were exposed in a xenon weather-ometer for 1008 h, and the surface color and chemical changes were characterized using a chroma meter, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that: (1) the weight losses of thermally modified wood were higher than those of unmodified wood after extraction due to the leaching of some low molecular weight compounds that were generated during thermal modification; (2) the photodegradation of thermally modified wood during weathering was hindered by the presence of extractives; and (3) the color change during weathering was a little more severe in sapwood than in heartwood because more extractives were present in heartwood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of Post-extraction on Photostability of Thermally Modified Scots Pine Wood during Artificial Weathering

Shen¹,

Cao²,

Sun³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…This highly desirable modification to wood maximizes its dimensional stability, durability, and attractive dark color (Nuopponen et al 2003;Icel et al 2015). Heat treatment process elements, such as duration of treatment, temperature of treatment, type of heating atmosphere, pressure, and catalysts vary (Shi et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Artificial Weathering on the Properties of Industrial-Scale Thermally Modified Wood

Dong¹,

Wang²,

Li³

2015

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Thermally modified wood is widely used in cladding, decking, and other construction projects that are meant for outdoor exposure. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the color, microstructure, and chemical composition of heat-treated, Larix spp. wood that was exposed to artificial weathering. In this study, accelerated weathering tests (UV and moisture) were conducted over a period of 3000 h. Photodegradation of both heat-treated and untreated wood was evaluated in terms of color, microstructure, and chemical changes that were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ultra-violet radiation caused the degradation of lignin and extractives of wood, resulting in an immediate color change of the wood. The SEM observation of the heat-treated wood showed deformations and cracks in both treated and untreated samples. Irradiation resulted in a pronounced reduction in the absorption intensity and broadening of the FTIR spectra. It was found that the industrial heattreatment of wood products resulted in more color stability than untreated wood during the early stages of weathering. Thermal modification was found, however, was ineffective in improving the UV resistance wood over long-term photodegradation conditions.

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“…Além dessas características, o tratamento também agrega à madeira menor teor de umidade de equilíbrio, alteração no teor de extrativos, maior isolamento térmico, menor resistência mecânica, menor resistência ao desgaste e à abrasão, menor rigidez, menor resistência à dureza, odor persistente e alteração da cor original (GARCIA et al, 2012;KAMDEM et al, 2002;VIITANIEMI;JÄMSÄ, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Modificação da cor original da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis através de tratamentos termorretificadores

Garcia

Lopes

Santos

2014

CERNE

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MODIFICAÇÃO DA COR ORIGINAL DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis ATRAVÉS DE TRATAMENTOS TERMORRETIFICADORESRESUMO: Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar a modificação da cor original da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden após a termorretificação. Amostras de madeira foram termorretificadas sob diferentes condições de temperatura (180, 200, 215 e 230ºC) e tempo (15 minutos, 2 e 4 horas). As análises colorimétricas foram realizadas por meio do sistema CIE L*a*b* com o auxílio do espectrofotômetro Color Eye XTH-X-Rite 200d. Todos os tratamentos termorretificadores causaram uma alteração na cor original da madeira. As madeiras termorretificadas apresentaram menores valores de L* (luminosidade), quando comparadas à madeira não tratada (controle), caracterizando o escurecimento da madeira, principalmente para as condições mais severas de temperatura e tempo. As coordenadas cromáticas a* e b* apresentaram comportamentos diferentes, dependendo da combinação temperatura-tempo. A modificação da cor original da madeira possibilitou a criação de novos padrões de cor, podendo agregar maior valor à madeira estudada. MODIFICATION OF THE ORIGINAL COLOR OF THE Eucalyptus grandis WOOD BY HEAT TREATMENTSABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the modification of original color of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden wood after heat-treatment. Wood samples were heat-treated under different temperatures (180, 200, 215 and 230 o C) and time conditions (15 minutes, 2 and 4 hours). Color analysis were performed on the CIE L*a*b* system by using a Color Eye XTH-X-Rite 200d spectrophotometer. All heat treatments promoted an alteration of the original color of wood. Heat-treated woods presented lower L* (lightness) values than untreated wood (control), characterizing the wood darkness, mainly for more severe conditions of temperature and time. Chromatic coordinates (a* and b*) showed different behaviors depending on the temperature-time combination. The modification of the original color of the wood allowed the creation of new color patterns, which can add greater value to the studied wood.

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The effects of a heat treatment on the behaviour of extractives in softwood studied by FTIR spectroscopic methods

Cited by 139 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of Post-extraction on Photostability of Thermally Modified Scots Pine Wood during Artificial Weathering

Influence of Post-extraction on Photostability of Thermally Modified Scots Pine Wood during Artificial Weathering

Effect of Artificial Weathering on the Properties of Industrial-Scale Thermally Modified Wood

Modificação da cor original da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis através de tratamentos termorretificadores

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