o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da termorretificação nas propriedades físicas (densidade aparente, teor de umidade de equilíbrio, perda de massa, contração e inchamento lineares e volumétricos) e na composição química da madeira normal (lado oposto) e de compressão de Pinus caribaea Morelet. Amostras de 25 x 25 x 50 mm foram termorretificadas sob duas temperaturas: 200 e 220 o C. Os resultados indicaram uma redução no teor de umidade de equilíbrio e nos inchamentos e contrações após a termorretificação, independente do tipo de lenho. A madeira de compressão apresentou maior inchamento longitudinal que a madeira normal, entretanto, após a termorretificação, as melhorias foram similares entre os dois tipos de lenho. As madeiras termorretificadas a 200 e 220 o C apresentaram perdas de massa de 9,94 e 21,03 %, respectivamente. A termorretificação promoveu um aumento relativo no teor de lignina e uma redução nos teores de holocelulose e α-celulose, indicando a ocorrência de degradação térmica desses componentes.
Cellulose is among the most promising renewable and biodegradable materials that can help meet the challenge of replacing synthetic fibers currently used in disposable N95 respirators and medical face masks. Cellulose also offers key functionalities that can be valued in filtration applications using approaches such as nanofiltration, membrane technologies, and composite structures, either through the use of nanocellulose or the design of functional composite filters. This paper presents a review of the structures and compositions of N95 respirators and medical face masks, their properties, and regulatory standards. It also reviews the use of cellulose and nanocellulose materials for mask manufacturing, along with other (nano)materials and composites that can add antimicrobial functionality to the material. A discussion of the most recent technologies providing antimicrobial properties to protective masks (by the introduction of natural bioactive compounds, metal-containing materials, metal-organic frameworks, inorganic salts, synthetic polymers, and carbon-based 2D nanomaterials) is presented. This review demonstrates that cellulose can be a solution for producing biodegradable masks from local resources in response to the high demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and for producing antimicrobial filters to provide greater protection to the wearer and the environment, reducing cross-contamination risks during use and handling, and environmental concerns regarding disposal after use.
Hill ex Maiden; e determinar sua correlação com a densidade da madeira, visando a avaliar o potencial da colorimetria como uma ferramenta para a identificação e qualificação da madeira. As análises colorimétricas foram realizadas segundo o sistema CIE L*a*b* com o auxílio do espectrofotômetro portátil CM 2600d da Konica Minolta. Os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas entre as densidades das espécies estudadas, sendo a madeira de Eucalyptus paniculata a mais densa e a madeira de Eucalyptus grandis a menos densa. As análises de correlação entre a cor e a densidade monstraram que as madeiras mais densas, para as espécies do gênero Eucalyptus estudadas, são mais escuras (menor L*) e apresentam mais pigmento vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*). Entretanto, o comportamento foi diferente para o Corymbia citriodora, cuja madeira apresentou alta densidade, cor clara e pouco pigmento vermelho, indicando que a combinação das variáveis colorimétricas e da densidade apresenta potencial para segregar a espécie Corymbia citriodora das demais espécies de Eucalyptus estudadas. As madeiras mais densas de Eucalyptus pellita são mais escuras na seção radial, enquanto que as madeiras de Eucalyptus paniculata apresentaram mais pigmento amarelo na seção tangencial. Cada espécie apresentou uma coloração específica, dada pelas variáveis colorimétricas, mostrando o potencial da colorimetria na identificação de madeiras COLORIMETRY OF WOODS FROM Eucalyptus AND Corymbia GENUS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH DENSITYABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to characterize the wood color of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell, Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. and Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden; and to determine its correlationship with wood density in order to evaluate the potential of colorimetry as a tool for identification and qualification of wood. Color analysis were performed on the CIE L*a*b* system by using the CM 2600d spectrophotometer from Konica Minolta. The results indicated significant differences between wood densities of all species. Eucalyptus paniculata wood presented the highest density while Eucalyptus grandis wood presented the lowest density. Correlation analysis between color and density showed that the denser woods, considering the species from the Eucalyptus genus studied, are darker (lower L*) and present redder (a*) and more yellow (b*) hues. However, the behavior was different for Corymbia citriodora, whose wood had high density, light color and little red hue, indicating that color variables and density combination has potential to segregate the Corymbia citriodora species from other Eucalyptus species studied. The denser woods of Eucalyptus pellita are darker in the radial section, while woods of Eucalyptus paniculata presented more yellow hue (b*) in the tangential section. Each species presented a specific color, given by colorimetric variables, showing the potential of colorimetry for wood identification.
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