The coronally positioned flap associated with a subepithelial connective tissue graft or an acellular dermal matrix graft was effective in root coverage. However, the coronally positioned flap associated with a connective tissue graft provided a more favorable clinical outcome. More expanded studies are needed to confirm the present findings.

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The present study is aimed at evaluating the anatomical characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis wood and the transition age between the juvenile and mature woods. Four trees of 23-year-old E. grandis were used. The juvenile, transition and mature wood zones were found by fiber length measurement from the pith to the bark. Samples were taken from juvenile wood, transition wood and mature wood and the anatomical properties of the wood were determined. The results showed that: (1) the fiber length, cell wall thickness, slenderness ratio, cell wall fraction and tangential vessel diameter increase from pith to bark; (2) fibers, axial parenchyma, ray parenchyma cells and vessels are equally distributed from pith to bark; (3) the transition zone between juvenile and mature wood occurs between the age of 8 and 13 years.

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RESUMOO carvão vegetal é um produto de grande importância na economia brasileira, fato este ligado ao seu uso como fonte de energia renovável e redutor no setor siderúrgico. Esforços vêm sendo feitos visando à melhoria do processo de produção do carvão vegetal, o qual pode ser obtido em diferentes tipos de fornos, com rendimentos e qualidade variados. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento das características referentes à planta de carbonização pertencente à Saint Gobain Ltda. situada no município de Seropédica/RJ e analisar quimicamente o carvão produzido. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário e comparados aos de outras duas empresas do mesmo segmento. A análise das amostras de carvão vegetal foi realizada em laboratório, através da análise química imediata. Os fornos utilizados na produção de carvão vegetal existentes na planta de carbonização da empresa analisada caracterizam-se como fornos de superfície com chaminé. O rendimento médio observado da conversão da madeira em carvão vegetal foi de 50%. Na comparação com outros sistemas de carbonização, a empresa analisada apresentou valores intermediários em termos de rendimento do processo e o carvão vegetal produzido foi considerado de boa qualidade, apresentando elevado teor de carbono fixo (82,70%) e baixo teor de cinza (1,30%).Palavras-chave: energias renováveis, siderurgia, madeira para energia. Case Study of a Carbonization Plant: Evaluation of Features and Quality of Charcoal Aiming Steel Use ABSTRACTCharcoal is a product of great importance in the Brazilian economy, a fact linked to its use as a renewable energy source and reducing the steel industry. Efforts have been made aiming at improving the production process of charcoal, which can be obtained in different furnace types with varying yield and quality. Taking these factors into consideration, the aim of this study was to survey the characteristics relating to the carbonization plant belonging to the Saint Gobain Ltda. company, in the city of Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro-Brazil and chemically analyze the coal produced. The data were obtained through a questionnaire and compared to the other two companies in the same industrial segment. The analysis of charcoal samples was conducted in the laboratory through chemical analysis. The furnaces used in charcoal production in existing carbonization plant analyzed company are characterized as surface furnaces with chimney. The average output of the conversion of wood charcoal was 50%. Compared to other carbonization systems, the company analyzed showed intermediate values in terms of process yield and charcoal produced is considered good quality, with high fixed carbon content (82.70%) and low ash content (1,30%).