The effects of a music intervention during port catheter placement on anxiety and stress

Abstract

Studies have shown that perioperative music interventions can reduce patients’ anxiety levels. However, in small operations like port catheter surgery evidence is sparse. The present single-blinded, randomised controlled two-armed study included 84 female patients undergoing port catheter placement who were randomly assigned to either listening to music during surgery vs. no music intervention. The medical staff was blind to group allocation. On the day of the surgery anxiety and stress levels were evaluated using subjective (STAI questionnaire, visual analogue scales) and objective (vital parameters, salivary cortisol) parameters at different time points (before the surgery, at the end of the surgery and 1 h post-surgery). The music group showed significant reductions of systolic blood pressure (from 136.5 mmHg ± 26.1 to 123.3 mmHg ± 22.0, p = .002) and heart rate (from 75.6 bpm ± 12.3 to 73.1 bpm ± 12.2, p = .035) from beginning of the surgery to skin suture, whereas the control group did not. No significant effects of the music intervention on subjective anxiety measures or salivary cortisol were revealed. In sum, the study demonstrates that a music intervention during port catheter placement positively influences physiological anxiety levels, whereas no effects were revealed for subjective anxiety and salivary cortisol. Thus, music can be considered as a low cost addition in clinical routine in order to reduce patients’ heart rate and blood pressure. Future studies are encouraged to further explore the differential effects of intraoperative music interventions on physiological, endocrinological and subjective anxiety levels.

Using a Virtual Reality and Communication Intervention to Reduce Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Lipoma Excision With Local Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…19,20 Distraction techniques can be either active (ie, the patient engages in performance of a task) or passive (ie, the patient experiences a stimulus). 21 A variety of distraction techniques may be effective, such as listening to music, 22 experiencing audiovisual interventions, 23 experiencing or participating in virtual reality (VR) activities, 24,25 actively communicating, 26 or participating in an electronic game. 27 Distraction techniques can be either active (ie, the patient engages in performance of a task) or passive (ie, the patient experiences a stimulus).…”

“…Distraction as a pain [23][24][25]27 and anxiety [22][23][24]26 management tool has been well-studied. However, results of a Cochrane review indicate that additional large, well-designed studies on the effectiveness of distraction using VR and associated adverse effects are needed, especially those involving pain in children.…”

The Effect of Music Therapy on Adult Patients’ Heart Rate: A Meta-Analysis

“…The remaining six studies were evaluated as low risk of bias. For attrition bias, most of the studies were rated as low risk of bias, except for four studies that were judged as high risk of bias (Froutan et al, 2020;Schaal et al, 2021;Tolunay et al, 2018; W. L. . In terms of reporting bias, all of the studies were assessed as low risk, except for three studies for which the risk of bias was not clear (Cakmak et al, 2017;Hamidi & Ozturk, 2017; W. L. .…”

“…The study settings varied between inpatient and outpatient settings. Two studies played music in an intensive care unit (ICU) (Froutan et al, 2020;, and three studies provided music in a preoperative room (Lopez-Yufera et al, 2020;Schaal et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2017). One study provided music in a cardiac ward (Cakmak et al, 2017), one study in an interventional room in an outpatient clinic (Hamidi & Ozturk, 2017), one study in a dental clinic (Wazzan et al, 2022), and one in a cast room (Tolunay et al, 2018).…”

“…Six types of soothing music (such as nature, piano, harp, and jazz) were used among the patients, according to W. P. Four studies were carried out in Taiwan (C. H. Wu et al, 2017; W. L. W.P. Lee et al, 2017), three studies in Turkey (Cakmak et al, 2017;Hamidi & Ozturk, 2017;Tolunay et al, 2018), and one study in Spain (Lopez-Yufera et al, 2020), Iran (Froutan et al, 2020), Australia (Mackintosh et al, 2018), Germany (Schaal et al, 2021), and the United Arab Emirates (Wazzan et al, 2022) (Table 1).…”