The effects of aerobic exercise training on serum osteocalcin, adipocytokines and insulin resistance on obese young males

New Findings What is the central question of this study?Are the advantages of aerobic interval exercise, resistance exercise and concurrent exercise on the metabolic profile mediated in part through preptin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN)? What is the main finding and its importance?Glucose was significantly lowered after concurrent exercise and aerobic interval exercise, but serum preptin and insulin were significantly lowered in all three training groups. By contrast, ucOCN and high molecular weight adiponectin increased significantly in all three training groups. These findings support the possible cross‐talk between bone, pancreatic β‐cells and energy metabolism in humans and suggest that preptin and ucOCN may potentially serve as markers of exercise‐induced improvement of metabolism. Abstract Preptin is a peptide hormone that plays an important role in the development of obesity by regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) is also linked to the regulation of body energy in that it modulates fat and glucose metabolism. This research aimed to examine the impact of aerobic interval, resistance and concurrent exercise on serum preptin, ucOCN and high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW‐APN) in obese adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Forty‐four obese men with MetS were randomized to receive aerobic interval exercise (AIEX, n = 10), resistance exercise (REX, n = 10), or concurrent aerobic interval and resistance exercise (CEX, n = 10), or to act as a non‐exercise control (CON, n = 10) three times a week for 12 weeks. Preptin was reduced more after AIEX and CEX than after REX (89.1% and 87.1% versus 9.6%; P = 0.028 and 0.030, respectively). ucOCN increased significantly only in the CEX (27.5%, P = 0.009) and AIEX (25%, P = 0.025) groups, but HMW‐APN increased significantly in all three training groups (AIEX 145.1%, P < 0.001; CEX 137%, P < 0.001; and REX 59.8%, P = 0.041). After the intervention, the improvement of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2normalpeak) in the AIEX group (73%) was greater than in the CEX (29.3%) and REX (3.8%) groups. On the other hand, CEX exhibited a greater reduction in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index and HbA1c than did AIEX and REX. Our study indicates that the reduction in glucose after exercise training (especially AIEX and CEX) may be, somewhat, linked to decreased preptin and raised ucOCN and HMW‐APN.

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“…Our results are consistent with findings of Kim et al. (), Dieli‐Conwright et al. () and Levinger et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of exercise training on serum preptin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and high molecular weight adiponectin in adults with metabolic syndrome

Rahimi

Bijeh

Rashidlamir

2020

Experimental Physiology

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“…A study in obese individuals has shown that the levels of serum carboxylated OC and insulin sensitivity are significantly improved after acute exercise compared to their levels at rest-control sessions [52]. Similarly, in another study, the content of serum OC increased significantly after 8 weeks of aerobic training, which gives a possibility that chronic exercise might also have a certain effect on OC [58]. On the contrary, it has been shown that 6-month chronic exercise in obese older adults did not have a significant impact on serum UcOC [60].…”

Section: Oc and Exercisementioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is important to note that OC concentration was significantly decreased in patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome [58,59], implying that OC may have a positive regulation function on glucose and lipid metabolisms. A study in obese individuals has shown that the levels of serum carboxylated OC and insulin sensitivity are significantly improved after acute exercise compared to their levels at rest-control sessions [52].…”

Section: Oc and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise as Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Mechanism to Orientation

Yang

et al. 2019

Ann Nutr Metab

110

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Background: Exercise therapy plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The mechanism of exercise therapy in the improvement of glycolipid metabolism of T2DM is very complex and not completely clear. Summary: Exercise training improves the whole body metabolic health in patients with T2DM, leading to an increase in glycolipid uptake and utilization, improved insulin sensitivity, optimized body mass index, and modulated DNA methylation, etc. Recent findings support that some cytokines such as irisin, osteocalcin, and adiponectin are closely related to exercise and metabolic diseases. This study briefly reviews the physiological mechanisms of exercise therapy in diabetes and the potential role of these cytokines in exercise. Key Messages: More high-quality, targeted, randomized controlled studies are needed urgently, from mechanism study to treatment direction, to provide a more theoretical basis for exercise therapy and to explore new therapeutic targets for diabetes.

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“…Exercise improved insulin sensitivity and reduced bone loss in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats (77). Both acute bouts of exercise and long-term training improved insulin sensitivity and increased serum OC in obese men (78,79). Improved insulin sensitivity with exercise is associated with a change in OC (80).…”

Section: Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Complex interplay among adiposity, insulin resistance and bone health

Tonks

Samocha-Bonet

et al. 2018

Clinical Obesity

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Obesity and osteoporosis are common public health problems. Paradoxically, while obesity is associated with higher bone density, type 2 diabetic obese individuals have an increased fracture risk. Although obesity and insulin resistance co-exist, some obese individuals remain insulin-sensitive. We suggest that the apparent paradox relating obesity, bone density and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes may be at least partly influenced by differences in bone strength and quality between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive obese individuals. In this review, we focus on the complex interplay between, adiposity, insulin resistance and osteoporotic fracture risk and suggest that this is an important area of study that has implications for individually tailored and targeted treatment to prevent osteoporotic fracture in obese type 2 diabetic individuals.

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The effects of aerobic exercise training on serum osteocalcin, adipocytokines and insulin resistance on obese young males

Abstract: In a physiological axis of bone-fat-energy metabolism, exercise-induced body fat reduction and improved insulin sensitivity were accompanied by an increase in serum osteocalcin and leptin levels, but other factors also seem to be involved in this interrelationship.

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of exercise training on serum preptin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and high molecular weight adiponectin in adults with metabolic syndrome

Effects of exercise training on serum preptin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and high molecular weight adiponectin in adults with metabolic syndrome

Physical Exercise as Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Mechanism to Orientation

Complex interplay among adiposity, insulin resistance and bone health

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