The effects of alcohol and illicit drug use on the skin

Background and purpose Clinical outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been thoroughly investigated, but a further analysis on main signs and symptoms and their risk factors still needs attention. The objective of this study was to group together and describe based on similarity the most common signs and symptoms of COVID‐19 in MS patients and identify all factors associated with their manifestation. Method Logistic and linear regression models were run to recognize factors associated with each pooled group of symptoms and their total number. Results From March 2020 to November 2021, data were collected from 1354 MS patients with confirmed infection of COVID‐19. Ageusia and anosmia was less frequent in older people (odds ratio [OR] 0.98; p = 0.005) and more in smoker patients (OR 1.39; p = 0.049). Smoke was also associated with an incremental number of symptoms (OR 1.24; p = 0.031), substance abuse (drugs or alcohol), conjunctivitis and rash (OR 5.20; p = 0.042) and the presence of at least one comorbidity with shortness of breath, tachycardia or chest pain (OR 1.24; p = 0.008). Some disease‐modifying therapies were associated with greater frequencies of certain COVID‐19 symptoms (association between anti‐CD20 therapies and increment in the number of concomitant symptoms: OR 1.29; p = 0.05). Differences in frequencies between the three waves were found for flu‐like symptoms (G1, p = 0.024), joint or muscle pain (G2, p = 0.013) and ageusia and anosmia (G5, p < 0.001). All cases should be referred to variants up to Delta. Conclusion Several factors along with the choice of specific therapeutic approaches might have a different impact on the occurrence of some COVID‐19 symptoms.

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“…The effect of substance abuse on eyes and skin, already observed in other studies not COVID-19 related, is noticeable [22,23].…”

Section: Ta B L E 3 Distribution Of Group Of Symptoms During the Thre...supporting

confidence: 58%

“…The effect of substance abuse on eyes and skin, already observed in other studies not COVID‐19 related, is noticeable [22, 23]. Smoking plays an important role in amplifying the cases of ageusia and anosmia, with an increasing trend from former to current smokers [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Signs and symptoms of COVID‐19 in patients with multiple sclerosis

Schiavetti

Carmisciano

Ponzano

et al. 2022

Euro J of Neurology

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“…Alcohol, spicy food, cinnamaldehyde-containing foods, hot drinks, and histamine-rich foods are also known triggers or exacerbating factors of rosacea [ 185 ]. Alcohol causes vasodilation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and long-term intake can lead to vasoregulation loss and gut microbiome dysbiosis [ 186 , 187 , 188 ]. Analogous to foods rich in histamine, the metabolism products of ethanol can cause the release of histamine and exacerbate symptoms [ 187 , 188 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alcohol causes vasodilation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and long-term intake can lead to vasoregulation loss and gut microbiome dysbiosis [ 186 , 187 , 188 ]. Analogous to foods rich in histamine, the metabolism products of ethanol can cause the release of histamine and exacerbate symptoms [ 187 , 188 ]. Emotional stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to cortisol release and activation of the inflammatory pathway, which impairs skin barrier function [ 189 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Pathogenesis and Mechanism-Targeted Treatments of Rosacea: Previous Understanding and Updates

Chen,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and phymatous changes in the central area of the face. Patients with this condition often experience a significant negative impact on their quality of life, self-esteem, and overall well-being. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis of rosacea is not yet fully understood. Recent research advances are reshaping our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of rosacea, and treatment options based on the pathophysiological perspective hold promise to improve patient outcomes and reduce incidence. In this comprehensive review, we investigate the pathogenesis of rosacea in depth, with a focus on emerging and novel mechanisms, and provide an up-to-date overview of therapeutic strategies that target the diverse pathogenic mechanisms of rosacea. Lastly, we discuss potential future research directions aimed at enhancing our understanding of the condition and developing effective treatments.

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“…Alcohol, spicy food, cinnamaldehyde-containing foods, hot drinks, and histamine-rich foods are also known triggers or exacerbating factors of rosacea [185]. Alcohol causes vasodilation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and long-term intake can lead to vasoregulation loss and gut microbiome dysbiosis [186][187][188]. Analogous to foods rich in histamine, the metabolism products of ethanol can cause the release of histamine and exacerbate symptoms [187,188].…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Pathogenesis and Mechanism-Targeted Treatments of Rosacea: Previous Understanding and Updates

Chen,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and phymatous changes in the central area of the face. Patients with this condition often experience a significant negative impact on their quality of life, self-esteem, and overall well-being. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis of rosacea is not yet fully understood. Recent research advances are reshaping our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of rosacea, and treatment options based on the pathophysiological perspective hold promise to improve patient outcomes and reduce incidence. In this comprehensive review, we investigate the pathogenesis of rosacea in-depth, with a focus on emerging and novel mechanisms, and provide an up-to-date overview of therapeutic strategies that target the diverse pathogenic mechanisms of rosacea. Lastly, we discuss potential future research directions aimed at enhancing our understanding of the condition and developing effective treatments.

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The effects of alcohol and illicit drug use on the skin

Cited by 9 publications

References 120 publications

Signs and symptoms of COVID‐19 in patients with multiple sclerosis

Signs and symptoms of COVID‐19 in patients with multiple sclerosis

Exploring the Pathogenesis and Mechanism-Targeted Treatments of Rosacea: Previous Understanding and Updates

Exploring the Pathogenesis and Mechanism-Targeted Treatments of Rosacea: Previous Understanding and Updates

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