The effects of alcohol dosing on driving performance on a closed course and in a driving simulator†

Gawron, Valerie J.; Ranney, Thomas A.

doi:10.1080/00140138808966764

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Impairment of braking reaction time after ethanol ingestion is obvious. Adverse ethanol effects on Sdlat have been observed in drivers of real cars, with blood alcohol concentrations ranging between 0.04% and 0.07% [34][35][36][37]. In this study, the strongest associations between BAC and lane keeping behavior were observed on right-hand curves, but not on left-hand ones.…”

Section: The Validity Of the Driving Scenariosupporting

confidence: 47%

Further development of a commercial driving simulation for research in occupational medicine

Muttray¹,

Breitinger²,

Goetze³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to refine a commercial car driving simulation for occupational research. As the effects of ethanol on driving behavior are well established, we choose alcohol as a test compound to investigate the performance of subjects during simulation. Materials and Methods: We programmed a night driving scenario consisting of monotonous highway and a rural road on a Foerst F10-P driving simulator. Twenty healthy men, 19-30 years, participated in a pilot study. Subjects were screened for simulator sickness, followed by training on the simulator one hour in total. Experiments were performed in the morning on a separate day. Participants were randomized into either an alcoholized or a control group. All subjects drove two courses consisting of highway and rural road and were sober for the first course. During a 1 h break the ethanol group drank an alcoholic beverage to yield 0.06% blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the influence of alcohol on driving performance. Among others, independent variables were Simulator Sickness Questionnaire scores and subjective sleepiness. Results: Subjects did not experience simulator sickness during the experiments. Mean BAC before the second test drive was 0.065% in the mildly intoxicated group. There was no clear-cut difference in the number of crashes between 2 groups. BAC of 0.1% would deteriorate mean braking reaction time by 237 ms (SE = 112, p < 0.05). Ethanol slightly impaired the tracking in the righthand curves (p = 0.058). Braking reaction time improved by 86 ms (SE = 36, p < 0.05) for the second test drive, indicating a learning effect. Conclusions: In sum, a clear ethanol effect was observed in the driving simulation. This simulation seems suitable for occupational research and produces little simulator sickness. Controlling for possible learning effects is recommended in driving simulation studies.

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Section: The Validity Of the Driving Scenariosupporting

confidence: 47%

Further development of a commercial driving simulation for research in occupational medicine

Muttray¹,

Breitinger²,

Goetze³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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show abstract

“…Drivers with ADHD also displayed greater deviation of lane position and faster, more abrupt steering maneuvers. However, unlike intoxicated drivers, these individuals did not appear to have problems maintaining a constant speed during the driving test.Driving simulation studies suggest that within-lane deviation, rate of steering maneuvers, and driving speed variability are all critical indicators of the driver's ability to control the vehicle on the roadway (e.g., Arnedt et al, 2001;De Waard & Brookhuis, 1991;Gawron & Ranney, 1988;Lenne et al, 1999), and deficiencies in these aspects could directly contribute to increased accident risk. Relative-risk studies of alcohol-related crashes consistently demonstrate increased risk of accidents at BACs similar to those resulting in impairment of these measures in driving simulation tasks (e.g., Linnoila et al, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated driving performance of adults with ADHD: Comparisons with alcohol intoxication.

Weafer

Camarillo

Fillmore

et al. 2008

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Previous research has demonstrated that adults with ADHD are more likely to experience drivingrelated problems, which suggests that they may exhibit poorer driving performance. However, direct experimental evidence of this hypothesis is limited. The current study involved two experiments that evaluated driving performance in adults with ADHD in terms of the types of driving decrements typically associated with alcohol intoxication. Experiment 1 compared the simulated driving performance of 15 adults with ADHD to 23 adult control participants, who performed the task both while sober and intoxicated. Results showed that sober adults with ADHD exhibited decrements in driving performance compared to sober controls, and that the profile of impairment for the sober ADHD group did in fact resemble that of intoxicated drivers at the BAC level for legally impaired driving in the United States. Driving impairment of the intoxicated individuals was characterized by greater deviation of lane position, faster and more abrupt steering maneuvers, and increased speed variability. Experiment 2 was a dose-challenge study in which 8 adults with ADHD and 8 controls performed the driving simulation task under three doses of alcohol: 0.65 g/kg, 0.45 g/kg, and 0.0 g/kg (placebo). Results showed that driving performance in both groups was impaired in response to alcohol, and that individuals with ADHD exhibited generally poorer driving performance than did controls across all dose conditions. Together the findings provide compelling evidence to suggest that the cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with ADHD might impair driving performance in such a manner as to resemble that of an alcohol intoxicated driver. Moreover, alcohol might impair the performance of drivers with ADHD in an additive fashion that could considerably compromise their driving skill even at blood alcohol concentrations below the legal limit.The behavioral problems associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult populations have been the focus of increased interest among researchers in recent years. Although the majority of diagnoses occur during childhood, recent studies suggest that the disorder persists into adulthood in approximately 60% to 80% of cases (e.g., Barkley, Fischer, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2002;Weiss, Hechtman, & Weiss, 1999;Wender, 1995). During childhood, the problems associated with ADHD are characterized by heightened impulsivity and impaired inhibitory and attentional mechanisms. These cognitive and behavioral problems adversely impact the child's academic performance as evident by Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mark Fillmore, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Fax (859) ; fillmore@uky.edu. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript poor grades and disruptive classroom behavior (Frazier, Youngstrom, Glutting, & Watkins, 2007). Not surprisingly, for adults with ADHD, the cognitive impairments ...

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“…Studies of driving ability under the influence of alcohol, both on closed driving courses and in simulators, generally agree that numerous driving behaviors are affected even at BAC levels in the range of .05% (see Clayton, 1980;Gawron, and Ranney, 1988;Moskowitz, 1971Moskowitz, , 1974 for reviews). Speed maintenance, cornering stability, braking distance, and fine psychomotor control movements all seem to be degraded by alcohol (see Gawron, and Ranney, 1988). It is these "real world" examples of alcohol's effects that reinforce the view that alcohol not only influences job-related behavior, but also the components or subtasks that make up more complex job performance.…”

Section: Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Readiness to Perform testing: A critical analysis of the concept and current practices.

Gilliland¹,

Schlegel²

1993

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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The effects of alcohol dosing on driving performance on a closed course and in a driving simulator†

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

Further development of a commercial driving simulation for research in occupational medicine

Further development of a commercial driving simulation for research in occupational medicine

Simulated driving performance of adults with ADHD: Comparisons with alcohol intoxication.

Readiness to Perform testing: A critical analysis of the concept and current practices.

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