The effects of alkalinity and acidity of process water and hydrochar washing on the adsorption of atrazine on hydrothermally produced hydrochar

Using liquid waste streams as the moisture source during the hydrothermal carbonization of municipal solid wastes

“…All batch carbonization experiments were conducted following procedures previously described Li et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2012Lu et al, , 2013Flora et al, 2013). Briefly, the feedstocks (e.g., paper, food, and yard wastes) were placed in 160-mL stainless steel tubular reactors (2.54 cm i.d., 25.4 cm long, MSC, Inc.) fitted with gas-sampling valves (Swagelok, Inc.).…”

Microwave-assisted and conventional hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic waste material: Comparison of the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars

“…The ultimate goal of the process is to convert waste materials into value-added products, while promoting the integration of the carbon formed in the solid-phase. Several other researches have been carried out over the years using conventional and microwave heating to produce valuable products, from different kinds of materials, for various applications [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Despite all these studies, a direct comparison of the solid product (hydrochar) obtained from the microwave-assisted and conventional hydrothermal carbonization methods of the same lignocellulosic material has not been reported to the best of our knowledge.…”

Assessing the environmental impact of energy production from hydrochar generated via hydrothermal carbonization of food wastes

“…As a result of this process, a carbon-rich and energy-dense solid material is formed. This solid product, often referred to as hydrochar, has garnered considerable study, as its properties make it amenable for use in a variety of environmentally-relevant applications, including as a soil amendment, energy source, environmental sorbent, and/or a material for energy and/or hydrogen storage (Libra et al, 2011;Kammann et al, 2012;Berge et al, 2011;Flora et al, 2013;Heilmann et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2011;Sevilla et al, 2011).…”