The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids upon resting and peak exercise left ventricular heart wall motion kinetics in male strength and power athletes

Climstein, Mike; O’Shea, Patrick J.; Adams, K. J.; DeBeliso, Mark

doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(03)80265-7

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the study the most prominent finding was the left ventricular hypertrophy and especially among females significant increase in LVM and LVMI levels was observed. It has been reported that intense exercising along with AAS consumption was severing abnormal left ventriculus wall mobility (Climstein et al, 2003) but in the study heart enlargement and ventricular wall thickening were observed especially among females despite no exercise involved.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Side effect of metenolone enanthate on rats heart in puberty: Morphometrical study

Özdemir

Bozkurt

Özdemir

et al. 2013

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Side effect of metenolone enanthate on rats heart in puberty: Morphometrical study

Özdemir

Bozkurt

Özdemir

et al. 2013

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology

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“…While the use of AASs for medical indications is relatively safe, when used illicitly they can damage health and cause disorders affecting several functions (cardiovascular, reproductive, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal, immunologic, and neuropsychiatric) [3,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. These side effects include cardiac injuries such as fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and dilated cardiomyopathy with an increased risk for myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death [3,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Death in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users: A Literature Review

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a group of synthetic molecules derived from testosterone and its related precursors. AASs are widely used illicitly by adolescents and athletes, especially by bodybuilders, both for aesthetic uses and as performance enhancers to increase muscle growth and lean body mass. When used illicitly they can damage health and cause disorders affecting several functions. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common medical cause of death in athletes. SCD in athletes has also been associated with the use of performance-enhancing drugs. This review aimed to focus on deaths related to AAS abuse to investigate the cardiac pathophysiological mechanism that underlies this type of death, which still needs to be fully investigated. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted using PubMed Central and Google Scholar databases, until 21 July 2020, using the following key terms: “((Sudden cardiac death) OR (Sudden death)) AND ((androgenic anabolic steroid) OR (androgenic anabolic steroids) OR (anabolic-androgenic steroids) OR (anabolic-androgenic steroid))”. Thirteen articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, for a total of 33 reported cases. Results: Of the 33 cases, 31 (93.9%) were males while only 2 (61%) were females. Mean age was 29.79 and, among sportsmen, the most represented sports activity was bodybuilding. In all cases there was a history of AAS abuse or a physical phenotype suggesting AAS use; the total usage period was unspecified in most cases. In 24 cases the results of the toxicological analysis were reported. The most detected AASs were nandrolone, testosterone, and stanozolol. The most frequently reported macroscopic alterations were cardiomegaly and left ventricular hypertrophy, while the histological alterations were foci of fibrosis and necrosis of the myocardial tissue. Conclusions: Four principal mechanisms responsible for SCD have been proposed in AAS abusers: the atherogenic model, the thrombosis model, the model of vasospasm induced by the release of nitric oxide, and the direct myocardial injury model. Hypertrophy, fibrosis, and necrosis represent a substrate for arrhythmias, especially when combined with exercise. Indeed, AAS use has been shown to change physiological cardiac remodeling of athletes to pathophysiological cardiac hypertrophy with an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.

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“…To prevent AAS use, a clear understanding of why people use the drugs in the first place is necessary. Most research conducted over the past 50 years reinforces the notion that AAS were used to improve athletic performance (4,5,6,8,9,10,20). However, recent evidence has suggested that increasing numbers of athletes and nonathletes may be using AAS to enhance physical appearance (12,13,14,20,22,24).…”

Section: Use Of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids the Percentage Of Aas Umentioning

confidence: 79%

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Use and Perceived Use in Nonathlete College Students

Berning

Adams

DeBeliso

et al. 2008

Journal of American College Health

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used not only for the enhancement of athletic prowess, but also for promoting a muscular appearance -traits that may be appealing to many non-athlete college students. Purpose: This study investigated the use and perceived use of AAS among non-athlete college students. Methods: A survey on use and perceived use of AAS was administered to a cross section of non-athlete students at a major metropolitan university. Results:Of the 485 non-athlete college students participating, 42 (9%) reported using AAS (37 males, 5 females), whereas 443 (91%) reported never using AAS. Seniors were the highest AAS users (36%) and freshman the least (7%); 76% of users were 20-22 yrs old; 34% of non-users and 41% of users knew between 1 and 5 AAS users; 33% of users and 27% of non-users perceived that less than 5% of non-athlete college students used AAS, and 36% of the total sample perceived that 5-10% of non-athlete college students used AAS. In users, 7% used AAS because their friends were using AAS, 45% wanted to enhance their physical appearance and 48% wanted to increase their physical performance. Conclusion: This study found that AAS is an occult behavior that affects non-athlete college students. College-freshman used AAS the least whereas an increase in use occurred with college sophomores, juniors and seniors. Alarmingly, 43% of the sample indicated they personally knew one or more non-athlete college students who used AAS and over one-third believed that between 5 and 10% of the college student population uses AAS. The reported purpose for AAS usage was almost split equally between enhancing physical appearance and improving athletic performance.

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The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids upon resting and peak exercise left ventricular heart wall motion kinetics in male strength and power athletes

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Side effect of metenolone enanthate on rats heart in puberty: Morphometrical study

Side effect of metenolone enanthate on rats heart in puberty: Morphometrical study

Sudden Cardiac Death in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users: A Literature Review

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Use and Perceived Use in Nonathlete College Students

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