The Effects of Annual Swimming Season on Oxidative Stress and Swimming Performance in Children

Abstract

A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Aim of the study is to investigate the effects of annual swimming season, training (TP), detraining (DTP) and retraining periods (RTP) on blood oxidative stress and physical performance levels and the relationships between these parameters in children. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th h--o od ds s: : 10 trained, mean 11.1±0.6 years old male swimmers were joined the study. Critical speed (CS) as endurance performance criteria were calculated from maximum 50 m and 400 m freestyle swimming performances (MFSP) times. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI; TOS/TAS ratio) and biochemical markers of over training (OT) as urea, uric acid and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured after TP, DTP and RTP subsequently every two months. TP measurement was performed 4 days after national swimming championship. Statistics significance was accepted as p<0.05. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : MFSP times, CS and height were increased significantly after every period. TAS was higher at DTP than TP (p< 0,05) unlike TOS and OSI (p<0.01). TOS was increased where uric acid decreased at RTP (p< 0.05) compared to DTP, but no change in the other biochemical markers. No significant relationship was found between CS, MFSP times and body height with TOS and OSI with in any period. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : TP and RTP increased oxidative stress while DTP recovered. The developments in swimming performances and height were not affected from oxidative stress in any period. The given 4 days of recovery after competition realized following TP was not enough for oxidative stress toleration. Therefore, pursuance of whole season health status and performance levels of children is recommended.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Oxidative stres; training; retraining; child; swimming; sports performance; athletic performance; physical endurance Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu çalışmanın amacı; antrenman periodu (AP), deantrenman periyodu (DAP) ve reantrenman (RAP) periyodlarının kan oksidatif stres ve performans seviyeleri üzerine etkilerini ve bu iki parametre arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 11,1±0,6 yıl olan, aktif antrenman yapan erkek 10 yüzücü katılmıştır. Dayanıklılık performans kriteri olarak kritik hız (KH); maksimum 50m ve 400m serbest yüzme performanslarından (MSYP) hesaplanmıştır. Total antioksidan statüsü (TAS), total oksidan statüsü (TOS), oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI; TOS/TAS) ve üre, ürik asit, aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) gibi sürantrenmanın göstergeleri olan biyokimyasal göstergeler AP, DAP ve RAP sonrası her iki ayda bir belirtilen sıraya göre öl-çülmüştür. AP sonu kanları, sezon sonu gerçekleştirilen Türkiye Yüzme Şampiyonasından 4 gün sonrasında alınmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : MFSP zamanları, KH ve boy her periyod sonunda anlamlı olarak artmıştır. DAP'daki TAS d...

Effects of Long-Term Training, Periods of Detraining and Retraining on Paraoxonase 1 Activity in Child Swimmers

“…3,6,7,10 In our another study carried out with the same swimmers and the same periods of the present study; blood oxidant stress index (OSI) (Calculated as blood total oxidant status (TOS) / total anti oxidant status (TAS) ratio) and TOS levels at TP were greater than DTP and RTP (p<0.01), whereas TAS lowered significantly at TP according to DTP (p<0.05). 23 TOS increased at RTP again (P<0.05), but not OSI. The TAS increase at RTP was insignificant, but the difference was moderately strong (d=0.77, pw=0.592) according to the statistical power analysis.…”