The Effects of Background Television on the Quantity and Quality of Child-Directed Speech by Parents

Pempek, Tiffany A.; Kirkorian, Heather L.; Anderson, Daniel R.

doi:10.1080/17482798.2014.920715

Cited by 130 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The poor outcomes associated with frequent background TV exposure in young children underscore the importance of the findings presented here. [1, 4, 5, 11, 25] Most concerning is the finding that many caregivers have never thought about the impact of background TV on their young child. Given the large numbers of low-income Mexican American children in the US and their high risk for poor outcomes related to background TV exposure [14, 15], these results will inform the development of interventions aiming to address background TV exposure in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8] Background TV is also associated with reduced interactions between the child and parent. [3, 4] Such reduced interactions may be the reason why higher levels of background TV exposure are associated with lower reading levels in 4–6 year olds[9], and reduced vocabularies in toddlers. [5] Toddlers learning 2 languages have been found to be at higher risk for having a reduced vocabulary associated with background TV exposure compared to toddlers learning only 1 language.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Contributing to Background Television Exposure in Low-Income Mexican–American Preschoolers

Thompson

Tschann

2016

Matern Child Health J

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Objective Background television (TV) exposure is harmful to young children, yet few studies have focused on predictors of exposure. This study’s objectives were to elucidate demographic, environmental, and behavioral correlates of background TV exposure in low-income Mexican American preschoolers and to explore caregiver beliefs about the impact of such exposure. Methods A convenience sample of low-income Mexican American female primary caregivers of preschoolers (3–5 years old, n=309), recruited in safety-net clinics, were surveyed by phone. Caregivers reported the frequency of their child’s exposure to background TV and responded to questions on the home media environment, TV use, and whether they had thought about background TV exposure and its impact on their child. Results Background TV exposure was common; 43% reported that their child was often, very often, or always exposed to background TV. More hours of TV viewing by the caregiver and greater frequency of TV viewing during meals were associated with an increased frequency of exposure to background TV. Only 49% of participants had ever thought about the impact of background TV. Believing that background TV is not harmful was associated with higher levels of background TV exposure. Conclusions Findings suggest that background TV exposure is frequent and caregiver awareness of its potential impact is low in low-income Mexican American families. Beliefs that background TV is not harmful may predict risk of exposure. Potential targets for interventions focused on reducing background TV exposure in this population include increasing caregiver awareness of the potential negative impact of such TV exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Contributing to Background Television Exposure in Low-Income Mexican–American Preschoolers

Thompson

Tschann

2016

Matern Child Health J

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“…Although we hypothesized that the EA of parents and children would be lower as they watched an edutainment TV series than during toy play and joint tablet play, we found no support for that hypothesis. Interestingly, our result does not mirror findings from studies showing that TV reduces the quality of parent–child interactions (Kirkorian et al ., ; Nathanson & Rasmussen, ; Pempek et al ., , ). It is possible that our unexpected finding stems from the way in which parents communicate while watching TV with their children; the negative effects of watching TV can decrease when parents and children watch TV together, provided that parents verbally elaborate what is happening on the screen (Kirkorian et al ., ; Mendelsohn, Brockmeyer, Dreyer, Fierman, Berkule‐Silberman & Tomopoulos, ; Pempek et al ., ).…”

Section: Tv Viewing and Emotional Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, TV might function as an audiovisual distractor that alters parent–child interactions in family homes (Anderson & Pempek, ; Kirkorian et al ., ). A substantial body of literature supports the contention that TV viewing implies lower‐quality parent–child interactions (Kirkorian et al ., ; Nathanson & Rasmussen, ; Pempek et al ., , ), albeit with some exceptions (e.g., Lavigne et al ., ; Lemish & Rice, ; Strouse & Troseth, ). Therefore, we expected lower‐quality interactions during parent–child TV viewing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because parents arguably remain the most important socializing agents in young children's lives (Grusec & Davidov, 2007), questions have emerged regarding whether media exposure, by altering parentchild interactions, might indirectly affect child development. Research on media use and parent-child interactions has highlighted the potential adverse effects of TV exposure (Brody, Stoneman & Sanders, 1980;Christakis, Gilkerson, Richards et al, 2009;Courage, Murphy, Goulding & Setliff, 2010;Kirkorian, Pempek, Murphy, Schmidt & Anderson, 2009;Lavigne, Hanson & Anderson, 2015;Mendelsohn, Berkule, Tomopoulos et al, 2008;Nathanson & Rasmussen, 2011;Pempek, Kirkorian & Anderson, 2014). Nevertheless, research assessing the impact of new platforms such as mobile media devices and their potential benefits for quality parent-child interactions remains scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent–child interactions during traditional and interactive media settings: A pilot randomized control study

Skaug

Englund

Saksvik‐Lehouillier

et al. 2017

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Parent-child interactions are pivotal for children's socioemotional development, yet might suffer with increased attention to screen media, as research has suggested. In response, we hypothesized that parent-child play on a tablet computer, as representative of interactive media, would generate higher-quality parent-child interactions than toy play or watching TV. We examined the emotional availability of mothers and their 2-year-old child during the previous three contexts using a randomized crossover design (n = 22) in a laboratory room. Among other results, mothers were more sensitive and structuring during joint gaming on a tablet than when engaged in toy play or watching TV. In addition, mothers were more hostile toward their children during play with traditional toys than during joint tablet gaming and television co-viewing. Such findings provide new insights into the impact of new media on parent-child interactions, chiefly by demonstrating that interactive media devices such as tablets can afford growth-enhancing parent-child interactions.

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Association Between Screen Time and Children’s Performance on a Developmental Screening Test

et al. 2019

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y school entry, 1 in 4 children shows deficits and delays in developmental outcomes such as language, communication, motor skills, and/or socioemotional health. 1,2 Thus, many children are beginning school inadequately prepared for learning and academic success. Gaps in development tend to widen vs shrink over time without intervention, 3 creating a burden on education and health systems in the form of greater government and public expenditures for remediation and special education. 4,5 Consequently, there have been efforts to identify factors, including children's screen time, 6 that may create or exacerbate disparities in early child development. Digital media and screens are now ubiquitous in the lives of children. Approximately 98% of US children aged 0 to 8 years live in a home with an internet-connected device and, on average, spend over 2 hours a day on screens. 7 This amount exceeds the recommended pediatric guideline that children spend no more than 1 hour per day viewing high-quality programming. 8,9 Although some benefits of high-quality and interactive screen time have been identified, 10-13 excessive screen time has been associated with a number of deleterious physical, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes. 14-21 While it is possible that screen time interferes with opportunities for learning and growth, it is also possible that children with delays receive more screen time to help IMPORTANCE Excessive screen time is associated with delays in development; however, it is unclear if greater screen time predicts lower performance scores on developmental screening tests or if children with poor developmental performance receive added screen time as a way to modulate challenging behavior. OBJECTIVE To assess the directional association between screen time and child development in a population of mothers and children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This longitudinal cohort study used a 3-wave, cross-lagged panel model in 2441 mothers and children in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, drawn from the All Our Families study. Data were available when children were aged 24, 36, and 60 months. Data were collected between

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The Effects of Background Television on the Quantity and Quality of Child-Directed Speech by Parents

Cited by 130 publications

References 22 publications

Factors Contributing to Background Television Exposure in Low-Income Mexican–American Preschoolers

Factors Contributing to Background Television Exposure in Low-Income Mexican–American Preschoolers

Parent–child interactions during traditional and interactive media settings: A pilot randomized control study

Association Between Screen Time and Children’s Performance on a Developmental Screening Test

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