This review of research examined 30 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2003-2018 that investigated the use of technology for K-12 writing instruction and assignments. Qualitative content analysis was employed to document teachers' and students' uses of digital technologies and determine the impact of technology-mediated instruction on students' writing skills. Results demonstrated that a range of ICTs and web-based learning environments have been used to teach writing in K-12 classrooms. Technology-mediated writing instruction yielded significant improvements in students' composing processes and new literacies skills. The use of technology motivated student engagement and increased peer collaboration. Teachers faced several challenges in their efforts to integrate technology into the writing curriculum, including limited access to ICTs and lack of relevant professional development.
Perspectives (2000 words)Learning to write is fundamental to becoming literate, and proficiency with writing is crucial to academic achievement, employment, and promotion in the workplace (Graham & Perin, 2007). For most students, learning to write and becoming a competent writer requires deliberate instruction (Raban & Scull, 2013), which typically occurs in school settings. In light of the rapid development and accessibility of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the definition of "writing" and the nature of writing instruction need to be reconsidered. While many students are interacting in social cyber networks and using multimedia and digital tools to communicate in their everyday lives-particularly students from higher socioeconomic classes (Coiro, Knobel, Lankshear, & Leu, 2008)-in some classrooms, students are still composing with paper and pen and interacting primarily with print-based texts (Authors;Alvermann, 2008;Black, 2009). In other classrooms, digital composition is increasingly becoming an integral part of the writing program (Authors;Mills, 2014).Teacher educators and educational researchers are in a position to influence pedagogy, practice, and research; thus, it is important for us to be (a) well-informed about how digital technology has been used in the writing program, (b) knowledgeable about whether and how its use has supported the development of students' writing skills, and (c) aware of the barriers K-12 teachers face in implementing technology-mediated writing instruction. To that end, we synthesized research studies from the past 15 years that examined the use of computers and ICTs during writing instruction. Our review is timely, given the changing nature of literacy in our technology-saturated society and the need to develop students' 21st-century writing skills.
PurposeThe purpose of our review was to determine the extent to which technology has been used in the teaching and learning of writing with K-12 students and how its use has effected students' growth as writers. Three research questions guided our work:(1) How is technology used to mediate writing instruction and wri...