The effects of captivity on the microbiome of the endangered Comal Springs riffle beetle (<i>Heterelmis comalensis</i>)

Mays, Zachary; Hunter, Amelia; Campbell, Lindsay Glass; Carlos‐Shanley, Camila

doi:10.1093/femsle/fnab121

“…In the microbiome of captive individuals, we saw only a significant, but relatively small, reduction in Staphylococcus, which has been previously part of the natural microbiome of the sharpshooter, Acrogonia citrina [112]. In contrast to our findings, Staphylococcus abundance was found to be higher in abundance in captive beetles compared to their wild counterparts [98].…”

Section: Captivity May Lead To Differences In Both the Myco-and Micro...contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have reported microbial community differences related to captivity in mammals [92,93], birds [94,95], amphibians [96,97], and also in insects including beetles [98], armyworms [99], and fruit flies [100]. Often these studies report a reduction of alpha diversity [101, 102], which we did not observe here; instead we found a reduction of specific ASVs associated with captivity (Figure 3).…”

Section: Captivity May Lead To Differences In Both the Myco-and Micro...contrasting

confidence: 43%

Geographical Survey of the Mycobiome and Microbiome of Southern California Glassy-winged Sharpshooters

Ettinger

¹

,

Wu-Woods

²

,

Kurbessoian

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

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The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis Germar, is an invasive xylem-feeding leafhopper with a devastating economic impact on California agriculture through transmission of the plant pathogen, Xylella fastidiosa. While studies have focused on X. fastidiosa or known symbionts of H. vitripennis, little work has been done at the scale of the microbiome (the bacterial community) or mycobiome (the fungal community). Here we characterize the mycobiome and the microbiome of H. vitripennis across Southern California and explore correlations with captivity and host insecticide-resistance status. Using high-throughput sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region and the 16S rRNA gene to profile the mycobiome and microbiome, respectively, we found that while the H. vitripennis mycobiome significantly varied across Southern California, the microbiome did not. We also observed a significant difference in both the mycobiome and microbiome between captive and wild H. vitripennis. Finally, we found that the mycobiome, but not the microbiome, was correlated with insecticide-resistance status in wild H. vitripennis. This study serves as a foundational look at the H. vitripennis mycobiome and microbiome across Southern California. Future work should explore the putative link between microbes and insecticide-resistance status and investigate whether microbial communities should be considered in H. vitripennis management practices.

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“…Many studies have reported microbial community differences related to captivity in mammals ( 69 , 70 ), birds ( 71 , 72 ), amphibians ( 73 , 74 ), and also insects including beetles ( 75 ), armyworms ( 76 ), and fruit flies ( 77 ). Often, these studies report a reduction of alpha diversity ( 78 , 79 ), which we did not observe here; instead, we found a reduction of specific ASVs associated with captivity ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical survey of the mycobiome and microbiome of Southern California glassy-winged sharpshooters

Ettinger,

Wu-Woods,

Kurbessoian

et al. 2023

mSphere

2

1

0

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The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis Germar, is an invasive xylem-feeding leafhopper with a devastating economic impact on California agriculture through transmission of the plant pathogen, Xylella fastidiosa . While studies have focused on X. fastidiosa or known symbionts of H. vitripennis , little work has been done at the scale of the microbiome (the bacterial community) or mycobiome (the fungal community). Here, we characterize the mycobiome and the microbiome of H. vitripennis across Southern California and explore correlations with captivity and host insecticide resistance status. Using high-throughput sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 region and the 16S rRNA gene to profile the mycobiome and microbiome, respectively, we found that while the H. vitripennis mycobiome significantly varied across Southern California, the microbiome did not. We also observed a significant difference in both the mycobiome and microbiome between captive and wild H. vitripennis . Finally, we found that the mycobiome, but not the microbiome, was correlated with insecticide resistance status in wild H. vitripennis . This study serves as a foundational look at the H. vitripennis mycobiome and microbiome across Southern California. Future work should explore the putative link between microbes and insecticide resistance status and investigate whether microbial communities should be considered in H. vitripennis management practices. IMPORTANCE The glassy-winged sharpshooter is an invasive leafhopper that feeds on the xylem of plants and transmits the devastating pathogen, Xylella fastidiosa , resulting in significant economic damage to California’s agricultural system. While studies have focused on this pathogen or obligate symbionts of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, there is limited knowledge of the bacterial and fungal communities that make up its microbiome and mycobiome. To address this knowledge gap, we explored the composition of the mycobiome and the microbiome of the glassy-winged sharpshooter across Southern California and identified differences associated with geography, captivity, and host insecticide resistance status. Understanding sources of variation in the microbial communities associated with the glassy-winged sharpshooter is an important consideration for developing management strategies to control this invasive insect. This study is a first step toward understanding the role microbes may play in the glassy-winged sharpshooter’s resistance to insecticides.

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“…This is consistent with previous observations in the field and laboratory that show COTS can survive for months without food (Birkeland & Lucas, 1990; Pearson & Endean, 1969; Yang et al, 2022). Changes in diet and the abiotic environment, which occurs when translocated into captivity, may also result in changes in the COTS microbiome (Jackson et al, 2018; Karl et al, 2018; Ley et al, 2008), as captivity shifts the composition and diversity of the microbiome in a variety of animals (Dallas & Warne, 2022; Isaacs et al, 2009; Kueneman et al, 2022; Madden et al, 2022; Mays et al, 2021; McKenzie et al, 2017; Ning et al, 2020; San Juan et al, 2021; Zhou et al, 2022). Changes in microbial and viral communities in captive COTS were not assessed here but may contribute to the observed transcriptional changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captivity induces a sweeping and sustained genomic response in a starfish

Morin

¹

,

Jönsson

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2023

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Marine animals in the wild are often difficult to access, so they are studied in captivity. However, the implicit assumption that physiological processes of animals in artificial environments are not different from those in the wild has rarely been tested. Here, we investigate the extent to which an animal is impacted by captivity by comparing global gene expression in wild and captive crown‐of‐thorns starfish (COTS). In a preliminary analysis, we compared transcriptomes of three external tissues obtained from multiple wild COTS with a single captive COTS maintained in aquaria for at least 1 week. On average, an astonishingly large 24% of the coding sequences in the genome were differentially expressed. This led us to conduct a replicated experiment to test more comprehensively the impact of captivity on gene expression. Specifically, a comparison of 13 wild with 8 captive COTS coelomocyte transcriptomes revealed significant differences in the expression of 20% of coding sequences. Coelomocyte transcriptomes in captive COTS remain different from those in wild COTS for more than 30 days and show no indication of reverting back to a wild state (i.e. no evidence of acclimation). Genes upregulated in captivity include those involved in oxidative stress and energy metabolism, whereas genes downregulated are involved in cell signalling. These changes in gene expression indicate that being translocated and maintained in captivity has a marked impact on the physiology and health of these echinoderms. This study suggests that caution should be exercised when extrapolating results from captive aquatic invertebrates to their wild counterparts.

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The effects of captivity on the microbiome of the endangered Comal Springs riffle beetle (Heterelmis comalensis)

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Geographical Survey of the Mycobiome and Microbiome of Southern California Glassy-winged Sharpshooters

Geographical Survey of the Mycobiome and Microbiome of Southern California Glassy-winged Sharpshooters

Geographical survey of the mycobiome and microbiome of Southern California glassy-winged sharpshooters

Captivity induces a sweeping and sustained genomic response in a starfish

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