The effects of castration, estrogen administration, and methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis on phosphatase activities in the genital tract of male rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits

Bern, Howard A.; Levy, Robert S.

doi:10.1002/aja.1000900106

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Fell & Danielli (1943) showed that collagen formation in healing wounds of rat skin was associated with an increase in the phosphatase content of the wound. A similar phenomenon has been found in rat tendon (Buck, 1953) and liver (Sulkin & Gardner, 1948) and in guinea-pig skin (Danielli, Fell & Kodicek, 1945) and bone (Bourne, 1944 in rat skin; and Bern & Levy (1952) in the genital tract of rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. I n the cat the findings in various organs as outlined here have been consistent and it seems that in this animal phosphatase is unlikely to play a significant part in the development of either the cells or fibres of healing wounds in the organs studied.…”

Section: ( I ) Epithelial Reactionssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Cytology of Wound Healing of Body Surfaces in Mammals

Johnson¹,

McMinn²

1960

Biological Reviews

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SUMMARY The cytological aspects of the repair of wounds with loss of substance in the skin, cornea and a number of mucous, serous and synovial membranes in mammals (laboratory animals and man) have been reviewed. It is emphasized that, as in the last century, the majority of studies of wound healing continue to be carried out on skin, and the need for examining repair processes in other organs is stressed. While most of the evidence indicates that epithelium regenerates from old epithelium at the wound margin, the surfaces of serous and synovial membranes are probably repaired by metaplasia of underlying connective tissue cells, assisted by the implantation of islands of surface cells that have desquamated from adjacent surfaces. The epithelia of the gall‐bladder and urinary bladder (in the cat) display abundant evidence of mitosis in migrating cells. Mitosis in spreading cells has also been observed in ileal and rectal epithelium. While migration remains a primary factor in epithelial repair, the role of mitosis has possibly been underestimated in the past. The origin of the connective tissue cells of granulation tissue remains an enigma. There is evidence suggesting that the fibrocytes of the dermis do not proliferate, and that new connective tissue cells are haematogenous in origin. The endothelial (vascular and lymphatic) elements of granulation tissue originate by budding from pre‐existing vessels. There is doubt whether mitosis occurs in such endothelial cells. In the repair of mucous membranes in the alimentary tract, new gland formation is observed regularly in the stomach, duodenum and ileum in all the species that have been investigated, including man. The colon and rectum appear to exhibit less regenerative capacity than higher levels of the alimentary tract, for there is no consistent evidence for new gland formation in these viscera. No universally applicable explanation is yet forthcoming for the accumulation of glycogen that can be detected histochemically in many, but not all, of the regenerating epithelia that have so far been studied. Among the urgent items on which cytological research might be prosecuted in the future are: the possible role of metaplasia of connective tissue cells in the production of new epithelium, mitosis in migrating epithelium, the factors regulating the initiation and cessation of mitosis, the problem of the origin of new connective tissue cells, and the causes of contraction. Compared with the number of purely morphological studies, histochemistry and autoradiography have not often been wedded to the problems of repair, while the whole field of wound healing at the cellular level awaits study with the electron microscope.

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Section: ( I ) Epithelial Reactionssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Cytology of Wound Healing of Body Surfaces in Mammals

Johnson¹,

McMinn²

1960

Biological Reviews

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“…These studies include the histology of the normal gland [ Walker, 1910] the his tochemical study of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase [Bern and Levy, 1952] and the functions of the glands e.g. the secretion of fructose and citric acid [Hum phrey and Robertson, 1953], However, it was only recently that the ultrastructure of the seminal vesicles of the guinea pig was studied [Veneziale, et al, 1974;Tse and Wong, 1980].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Structural and Functional Study of the Prostatic Complex of the Guinea Pig

Wong¹,

Tse²

1981

Cells Tissues Organs

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The fine structure of the prostate gland of the guinea pig was studied by electron microscopy. The lateral lobe was characterized by tall columnar epithelium which formed various degrees of foldings. The epithelial cells had well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER). The cisternae were closely packed and often arranged in concentric configuration in the basal cytoplasm. The apical cytoplasm was characterized by a large Golgi and prominent secretory granules. The luminal border typically contained microvilli. Fusion of the secretory granules with the luminal membrane were observed. The secretion in this lobe is believed to be triggered by a merocrine mechanism. The glandular cells of the dorsal prostate were characterized by well-developed and dilated GER. Most cells had no secretory granules and the luminal surface was endowed with microvilli. It is believed that in these cells the secretion is stored in the cisternae and may be discharged directly into the lumen. A small number of cells in the dorsal prostate showed large dense secretory granules in the apical region. Secretion in this group of cells, as in the cells of the lateral prostate, is believed to be produced by a merocrine mechanism. The coagulating gland on the other hand, had sparser GER and less dilated cisternae. The cells contained no secretory granules and usually had a small Golgi. Apical blebs were commonly found in these cells. Apical blebs have been observed to pinch off from the apical cytoplasm and to release the small sacs of secretory material into the lumen. This is an apocrine mechanism of secretion.

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“…The action of this enzyme in cell division may be due to (a) facilitation of transmembrane glucose transport [21] or (b) to its involvement in the synthesis of DNA [12]. Castration depresses the activity of epithelial alkaline phosphatase in rat ventral prostate while estrogen administration restores values to near normal [2]. Since the mitotic response of rat ventral prostate to estrogen [l 1 ] is similar to that observed in the mouse, these results indicate that, in this tissue, alkaline phosphatase is not a limiting factor to mitotic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of hormones on cell division

Allen¹

1956

Experimental Cell Research

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The effects of castration, estrogen administration, and methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis on phosphatase activities in the genital tract of male rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

The Cytology of Wound Healing of Body Surfaces in Mammals

The Cytology of Wound Healing of Body Surfaces in Mammals

Fine Structural and Functional Study of the Prostatic Complex of the Guinea Pig

The influence of hormones on cell division

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