The effects of childhood trauma on the onset, severity and improvement of depression: The role of dysfunctional attitudes and cortisol levels

Ju, Yumeng; Wang, Mi; Lu, Xiaowen; Sun, Jin; Dong, Qiangli; Zhang, Liang; Liu, Bangshan; Liu, Jin; Yan, Danfeng; Guo, Hua; Zhao, Futao; Liao, Mei; Zhang, Xiangyang; Zhang, Yan; Li, Lingjiang

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.023

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As one of the most widely used assessments of childhood trauma in clinical research, 12,[19][20][21][22][23] previous studies have demonstrated that CTQ-SF is valid and has overall good longterm test-retest reliabilities in both healthy participants and multiple psychiatric populations. For example, in a study conducted by Cammack et al, 43 the test-retest reliability of CTQ-SF was good when it was completed by 247 adult women twice with an interval between 18.1 and 369.9 weeks (ICCs > 0.7 for all subscales).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Among these questionnaires, the Short-form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) 18 is one of the most widely used and well-studied tools. 12,[19][20][21][22][23] The CTQ-SF consists of five subscales to assess five subtypes of childhood trauma: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect. 18 Previous studies have demonstrated the validity and overall good test-retest reliability of CTQ-SF in patients with schizophrenia when tested over a period of two 24 or four 25 weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation on Long-Term Test–Retest Reliability of the Short-Form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in Patients with Schizophrenia

Xiang¹,

Liu²,

Cao³

et al. 2021

PRBM

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Background: Many studies have reported an association between childhood trauma exposure and schizophrenia. Among these studies, the Short-form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) is one of the most widely used measures of childhood trauma. However, little is known regarding the long-term reliability of the CTQ-SF, especially in patients with psychopathology. Methods: The CTQ-SF was administered to 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia from a hospital in Changsha, Hunan, China. These patients were asked to re-complete the CTQ-SF when they were re-hospitalized or received outpatient treatments in the same hospital within 4 years of follow-up. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reliability of the CTQ-SF over the intervals. Associations of the CTQ-SF with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were tested using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: Among the participants, 35 (70.0%) patients re-completed the CTQ-SF after an interval averaging 11.26 months. Excellent test-retest reliabilities (with ICC > 0.75) were found for the total CTQ-SF score (ICC = 0.772) as well as scores of the emotional abuse (ICC = 0.808), physical abuse (ICC = 0.756), sexual abuse (ICC = 0.877) and physical neglect (ICC = 0.751) subscales. Meanwhile, a moderate test-retest reliability was found for the emotional neglect subscale (ICC = 0.538). At both baseline and follow-up, no significant correlations (p > 0.05) were found between CTQ-SF scores and any other clinical assessments. Conclusion:Our results suggest that CTQ-SF is reliable to assess childhood trauma exposures in schizophrenia over relatively long intervals, regardless of patients' current symptoms and states of cognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on Long-Term Test–Retest Reliability of the Short-Form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in Patients with Schizophrenia

Xiang¹,

Liu²,

Cao³

et al. 2021

PRBM

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“… 22 In addition, one study demonstrated that cortisol levels were an important mediator between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. 23 Yue et al wrote in their article: Many successful antidepressant treatments of depressive disorders using a variety of different antidepressant treatments are linked to the HPA axis. 24 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Concentration of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Predicts Post-Stroke Depression

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

CIA

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Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common neuropsychiatric complication after stroke, seriously affecting the quality of survivors’ life. As one of the important causes of PSD, neuroendocrine mechanism has been widely studied in recent years. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on admission and PSD at 3 months. Methods This is a hospital-based prospective cohort study, which was conducted at three independent hospitals (Tongji Hospital, Wuhan First Hospital and Wuhan Central Hospital) between August 2018 and June 2019. A total of 768 ischemic stroke patients were finally eligible for analysis and categorized into equal tertiles according to the distribution of ACTH and the number of patients. The χ 2 -test, Mann–Whitney U -test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to check for statistical significance. And restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model was used to explore the non-linear relationship between continuous ACTH levels and PSD at 3 months. Results The optimal cut-off points of ACTH were as follows: (T1) 0.32–20.55 pg/mL, (T2) 20.56–39.79 pg/mL, (T3) 39.80–143.40 pg/mL. A total of 305 patients (39.7%) were diagnosed as PSD at 3 months follow-up. Significant differences were found between the PSD and non-PSD groups in ACTH concentration (P = 0.001). After adjustment for all conventional confounders, the odds ratios of PSD were 1.735 (95% CI = 1.176–2.560, P = 0.005) for the highest tertile of ACTH and 1.496 (95% CI = 1.019–2.194, P = 0.040) for the middle tertile of ACTH, as compared with the lowest tertile. In multiple-adjusted RCS regression, continuous ACTH showed saturation effect relation with PSD risk after 31.02 pg/mL (P for nonlinear = 0.0143). Conclusion Higher ACTH level on admission is a significant and independent biomarker to predict the development of PSD at 3 months follow-up. Besides, saturation effect was revealed even if the underlying mechanism is unclear. For stroke patients, doctors should pay attention to the baseline ACTH for screening high-risk PSD in clinical practice.

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“…It would be helpful of minimizing the heterogeneity of the participants. Interestingly, the baseline childhood trauma and social support may be the risk factors for depression and also could affect the efficacy of antidepressants during different treatment cycles (32)(33)(34). Therefore, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), which can be used for evaluation of childhood trauma and social support, respectively, were also collected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Alleviate Anxiety Rather Than Depressive Symptoms Among First-Diagnosed, Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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BackgroundOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) augmentation of antidepressants has shown great potential in the prevention and treatment of major depressive disorders (MDD).ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of n-3 PUFAs plus venlafaxine in patients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression.MethodA total of 72 outpatients with first-diagnosed depression were recruited. The daily dose of 2.4 g/day n-3 PUFAs or placebo plus venlafaxine was used for over 12 weeks. The outcomes were assessed by the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).ResultsBoth groups exhibited improvement on clinical characteristics at week 4 and week 12 compared with baseline. The rate of responders for anxiety in n-3 PUFAs group (44.44%) was significantly higher than that in placebo group (21.21%) at week 4 (χ2 = 4.182, p = 0.041), while week 12 did not show a difference (χ2 = 0.900, p = 0.343). The rate of responders for depression at both week 4 (χ2 = 0.261, p = 0.609) and week 12 (χ2 = 1.443, p = 0.230) showed no significant difference between two groups. Further analysis found that Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) had positive correlation with HAMA (r = 0.301, p = 0.012), SAS (r = 0.246, p = 0.015), HAMD (r = 0.252, p = 0.038) and BDI (r = 0.233, p = 0.022) with Pearson correlation analysis. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) had negative correlation with SAS (r = −0.244, p = 0.015) and BDI (r = −0.365, p = 0.000).ConclusionThis trial found that n-3 PUFAs supplementation in favor of venlafaxine alleviated the anxiety symptoms rather than depressive symptoms at the early stage of treatment (4 weeks) for first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depressed patients. However, the advantage disappeared in long-term treatment. Furthermore, childhood abuse and social support are closely related to the clinical and biological characteristics of depression. Both childhood trauma and lack of social support might be predictors of poor prognosis in depression.Clinical Trial Registration[clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03295708].

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The effects of childhood trauma on the onset, severity and improvement of depression: The role of dysfunctional attitudes and cortisol levels

Cited by 28 publications

References 57 publications

Evaluation on Long-Term Test–Retest Reliability of the Short-Form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in Patients with Schizophrenia

Evaluation on Long-Term Test–Retest Reliability of the Short-Form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in Patients with Schizophrenia

Higher Concentration of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Predicts Post-Stroke Depression

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Alleviate Anxiety Rather Than Depressive Symptoms Among First-Diagnosed, Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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