The effects of chronic alcohol consumption and exercise on the skeleton of adult male rats

Reed, Adam H.; McCarty, Heidi; Evans, Glenda L.; Turner, Russell T.; Westerlind, Kim C.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02666.x

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In another study, the extent of alcohol consumption in a group of 258 healthy men (aged 40-63) did not differentiate trabecular, cortical or total BMC values at the distal radius [15]. However, there are also several animal studies on alcohol and bone microarchitecture that corroborate our findings [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Relationships between bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture of the distal radius and tibia with alcohol consumption

Paccou

Edwards

Ward

et al. 2015

Bone

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Relationships between bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture of the distal radius and tibia with alcohol consumption, Bone (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.bone. 2015.05.002 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. and Professor of Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Contact details:MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, (University of Southampton), socioeconomic status and years since menopause and HRT use for women), men that drank low alcohol had lower cortical thickness (p=0.038), cortical vBMD (p=0.033), and trabecular vBMD (p=0.028) and higher trabecular separation (p=0.043) than those that drank none/minimal alcohol. Similar differences were shown between minimal/none and moderate/high alcohol although these only reached statistical significance for the cortical parameters. Interestingly, after similar adjustment, women showed similar differences in the trabecular compartment between none/minimal alcohol and low alcohol at the distal tibia.However, women that drank moderate/high alcohol had significantly higher trabecular vBMD (p=0.007), trabecular thickness (p=0.026), and trabecular number (p=0.042) and higher trabecular separation (p=0.026) at the distal radius than those that drank low alcohol.Conclusions: Our results suggest that alcohol consumption (low and moderate/high) may have a detrimental impact on bone health in men in both the cortical and trabecular A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT4 compartments at the distal radius with similar results in women in the trabecular compartment between none/minimal alcohol and low alcohol at the distal tibia suggesting that avoidance of alcohol may be beneficial for bone health.Keywords: alcohol consumption, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, bone geometry, microarchitecture, volumetric bone mineral density.Highlights:1/ Men that drank low alcohol had lower Ct.Th, Ct.vBMD, Tb.vBMD and higher Tb.Sp at the distal radius than those that drank none/minimal alcohol.2/ Low levels of alcohol consumption are not beneficial for bone health.3/ There is a site-and sex-dependent effect of alcohol consumption on bone health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Relationships between bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture of the distal radius and tibia with alcohol consumption

Paccou

Edwards

Ward

et al. 2015

Bone

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“…Adrenal gland weights normalized to tibia length were significantly greater in the females versus males and were not affected by exercise training in either sex. Training significantly reduced body weight in male but not female rats, which is consistent with previous evidence that male rats do not compensate for increased physical activity by increasing caloric intake (5,49). Training had no effect on normalized LV or adrenal weights in either sex (ANOVA) but led to a significant reduction in spleen weight in males, indicating that the training protocol may have elicited some systemic distress in male rats (42,50).…”

Section: Morphology Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

Sex-specific and exercise-acquired cardioprotection is abolished by sarcolemmal K_ATP channel blockade in the rat heart

Chicco¹,

Johnson²,

Armstrong³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Chicco AJ, Johnson MS, Armstrong CJ, Lynch JM, Gardner RT, Fasen GS, Gillenwater CP, Moore RL. Sex-specific and exercise-acquired cardioprotection is abolished by sarcolemmal KATP channel blockade in the rat heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H2432-H2437, 2007. First published January 19, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01301.2006.-The present study was conducted to determine whether the infarct sparing effect of shortterm exercise is dependent on the operation of the myocardial sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K ϩ (KATP) channel. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exercised on a motorized treadmill for 5 days. Twenty-four hours following the training or sedentary period, hearts were isolated and exposed to 1 h of regional ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion on a modified Langendorf apparatus in the presence or absence of the sarcolemmal KATP channel antagonist HMR-1098 (30 M). Following the ischemia-reperfusion protocol, infarct size was determined as a percentage of the total ischemic zone at risk (ZAR). Short-term exercise reduced infarct size by 24% in males (32 Ϯ 2% of ZAR; P Ͻ 0.01) and by 18% in females (26 Ϯ 2% of ZAR; P Ͻ 0.05). Sarcolemmal KATP channel blockade abolished the training-induced cardioprotection in both males and females, increasing infarct size to 43 Ϯ 3% and 52 Ϯ 4% of ZAR, respectively. In the absence of HMR-1098, infarct size was significantly lower in sedentary females than in males (33 Ϯ 4% vs. 42 Ϯ 2% of ZAR, respectively; P Ͻ 0.01). However, the presence of HMR-1098 abolished this sex difference, increasing infarct size by 58% in the sedentary females (P Ͻ 0.01) but having no effect on infarct size in sedentary males. This study demonstrates that the sex-specific and exercise-acquired resistance to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is dependent on sarcolemmal KATP activity during ischemia. ischemia; infarction; sex differences; gender ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE is a leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries throughout the world. Myocardial infarction is often the initial manifestation of ischemic heart disease, and survival is inversely proportional to the size of the myocardial infarction sustained (13). A variety of preconditioning stimuli has proven to be effective at reducing myocardial infarct size when administered immediately before ischemia (e.g, ischemic preconditioning and adenosine receptor agonists), but the protective effect of these treatments is lost after repetitive administration (38, 53). Exercise training, however, has been consistently shown to confer sustainable protection against myocardial infarction in animal models (10,26,40,56,57) and has been associated with improved survival following an ischemic event in humans (27,43). Despite substantial efforts to characterize the cardioprotective phenotype evoked by exercise training over the past decade, the precise mechanisms by which exercise reduces infarct size have not been fully elucidated.The infarct-sparing effect of exercise has been reported following both long-term (Ͼ10 wk) (9...

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“…27 The reduction in human body weight during chronic alcohol consumption is associated with the fact that part of the daily diet calorie intake is provided by the alcoholic beverage; 27 however, this impact on weight is rarely observed in rats. 28 In the present study, the systemic effect of alcohol consumption observed by analysis of rat body weight showed that groups that consumed ethanol or carbohydrates gained weight. Similarly, Irie et al 12 , (2008) showed a weight gain in ethanol and isocaloric groups during the experimental period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Low caloric value of ethanol itself increases alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in male rats

Souza

Rocha

2009

Braz. oral res.

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This study aimed at morphometrically evaluating the influence of variable caloric values of ethanol consumption on alveolar bone loss in periodontitis in male rats. Thirty-six male rats were randomized into four groups of nine rats each, as follows: Test group A (low) - rats were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet (ethanol representing 22% of total caloric value); Control group A -rats were fed a pair-fed control diet (ethanol replaced by isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate); Test group B (high) -rats were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet (ethanol representing 36% of total caloric value); Control group B -rats were fed a pair-fed control diet for Test B. Following anesthesia, cotton ligatures were placed around the cervix of the right upper second molar. At eight weeks, the maxillary bones were removed and alveolar bone loss was analyzed by measuring the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest at buccal and palatal sites of the upper second molar. The unligated groups showed no significant differences between the bone loss values observed for the low and high caloric values of ethanol (p > 0.05). In the ligated groups, the rats receiving low caloric values of ethanol showed significantly greater bone loss compared to the isocaloric rats (p < 0.05); however, the rats receiving high caloric values of ethanol showed no significant differences compared to the controls. Analysis of the results demonstrated that, in male rats, ethanol itself affected ligature-induced bone loss when representing a low value in the total caloric value.

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The effects of chronic alcohol consumption and exercise on the skeleton of adult male rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Relationships between bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture of the distal radius and tibia with alcohol consumption

Relationships between bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture of the distal radius and tibia with alcohol consumption

Sex-specific and exercise-acquired cardioprotection is abolished by sarcolemmal K_ATP channel blockade in the rat heart

Low caloric value of ethanol itself increases alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in male rats

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