The effects of chronic tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma on social behaviour and anxiety in rats

Disrupted neural activity in unilateral vascular pulsatile tinnitus patients in the early stage of disease: Evidence from resting-state fMRI

“…Its origin may be ongoing abnormal neural brain activity, neural plasticity, disturbed brain network, damage of hair cells in the inner ear, sudden-onset hearing loss, head trauma, among other sources (Bauer et al, 2013;Guitton, 2006Guitton, , 2012Maudoux et al, 2012a;Vanneste and De Ridder, 2012;Zheng et al, 2011). In contrast, PT is considered to be an auditory percept by the stimulation of hair cells in the inner ear (Levine et al, 2008;Madani and Connor, 2009;Sonmez et al, 2007;Waldvogel et al, 1998).…”

The anti-inflammatory selective melanocortin receptor subtype 4 agonist, RO27-3225, fails to prevent acoustic trauma-induced tinnitus in rats

“…Therefore, a stimulus with sensory features resembling tinnitus during the testing session should produce greater suppression during the stimulus presentation period. Using this method, we have successfully induced and assessed tinnitus in rats in our laboratory and confirmed that the duration of tinnitus can last as long as 10 months after the noise exposure, although the hearing loss is temporary (Zheng et al, 2011a(Zheng et al, , 2011b(Zheng et al, , 2011c(Zheng et al, , 2012a.…”

“…Unilateral noise trauma was delivered using a procedure described by Bauer and colleagues and in our own publications (Bauer and Brozoski, 2001;Brozoski et al, 2007;Zheng et al, 2011aZheng et al, , 2011bZheng et al, , 2011cZheng et al, , 2012aZheng et al, , 2012b. Briefly, the animals were anaesthetised with a fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) and medetomidine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/ kg, s.c.) mixture and placed in a modified stereotaxic head frame inside a sound attenuation chamber.…”

“…The 1/4-inch microphone was placed in the chamber during the noise exposure to ensure that the sound field was effectively contained by the inserted speculum. The sham animals received the same anaesthetics and were kept under anaesthesia for the same duration as the noise trauma animals, but without noise exposure (Zheng et al, 2011a(Zheng et al, , 2011b(Zheng et al, , 2011c(Zheng et al, , 2012a(Zheng et al, , 2012b.…”

“…Tone bursts (2 ms rise/decay, 1 ms plateau) were presented in a decreasing intensity series, beginning with levels that elicited distinct evoked potentials. Hearing thresholds were indicated by the lowest intensity that produced visually distinct potentials, progressing in 20-, 10-, and 5 dB steps (Zheng et al, 2011a(Zheng et al, , 2011b(Zheng et al, , 2011c(Zheng et al, , 2012a(Zheng et al, , 2012b.…”