The effects of cognitive impairment on the multi-scale dynamics of standing postural control during visual-search in older men

Zhou, Junhong; Manor, Brad; McCarten, J. Riley; Wade, Michael G.; Jordan, Alex

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1068316

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A correlation has also been noted between standing postural balance and cognitive dysfunction, implying a link between balance maintenance and cognitive health 54 . Given that standing postural control often involves multitasking (e.g., reading or talking while standing), it could adversely affect cognitive task performance, especially in individuals with cognitive impairment 55 . Thus, the influence of posture on cognitive performance may depend on specific cognitive tasks, individual differences, and other factors.…”

Section: Standing Play Enhances Esports Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Influence on Cognitive Dynamics during Esports Play: A Randomized Crossover Study (Preprint)

Matsui,

Mine,

Takahashi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Humans have evolved to sit in a squatting position, whereas in the digitally integrated era epitomized by esports, prolonged sitting on a chair, namely seated position, is a widespread habit linked to body and mind issues. Although standing position promotes health and cognitive performance, the postural influence on cognitive benefits and risks during esports play remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test the hypothesis that a standing position enhances esports performance over short periods compared to a seated position, while prolonged standing can lead to cognitive fatigue. Furthermore, we examined whether the forward leaning seated position promotes cognitive dynamics as a possible alternative to the standing position during esports play. METHODS We recruited 25 collegiate casual esports players. They first performed a crossover session of virtual football gaming for a maximum of 3 hours while standing or seated positions (Experiment 1). During the playing, we measured their subjective sensations, mood, virtual football performance, executive function, heart rate, pupil diameter, and salivary cortisol and testosterone levels. Next, we tested the effect of leaning forward in a seated position during the same virtual football gaming condition through a crossover session with a backward seated position (Experiment 2). RESULTS In Experiment 1, standing increased vitality and pleasure, executive function assessed by Flanker interference, and shot performance during the initial 30 minutes. Heart rate, pupil size, and salivary cortisol and testosterone were higher in the standing condition. Beyond 60 minutes, standing slowed interference with increased conceded goals, and 50% of the participants retired during play. In Experiment 2, seated in a leaning forward position enhanced vitality and pleasure, interference, and shot and pass performance than seated in a reclining position during the initial 60 minutes, but led to lower interference and cognitive accuracy after 120 minutes. Reclining seated position slowed interference from the early phase, but accuracy remained unchanged throughout playing. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that standing position for moderate durations (≤60 minutes) improves mood, executive function, and esports performance, but standing for prolonged durations (>60 minutes) causes cognitive fatigue, leading to lowered cognitive performances. Furthermore, leaning forward seated position serves as an alternative active sitting mirroring the cognitive dynamics of standing esports play. Reclining seated position supports cognitive endurance with higher accuracy. Ultimately, adopting postures to match cognitive demands could encourage active and healthy lifestyles in today’s co-evolving computer-human society.

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Section: Standing Play Enhances Esports Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Influence on Cognitive Dynamics during Esports Play: A Randomized Crossover Study (Preprint)

Matsui,

Mine,

Takahashi

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A correlation has also been noted between standing postural balance and cognitive dysfunction, implying a link between balance maintenance and cognitive health (49). Given that standing postural control often involves multitasking (e.g., reading or talking while standing), it could adversely affect cognitive task performance, especially in individuals with cognitive impairment (50). Thus, the influence of posture on cognitive performance may depend on specific cognitive tasks, individual differences, and other factors.…”

Section: Standing Play Enhances Esports Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Standing Enhances Esports Performance and Executive Function for Short Durations, but Not for Long: Implications for Positive Sitting

Matsui,

Mine,

Takahashi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Humans evolved to sit in a squatting, whereas industrialization/digitization promoted sitting on a chair for prolonged digital cognitive activities, as represented by esports, contributing to unhealthy lifestyles. Although moderate standing, a countermeasure against prolonged sitting, promotes not only health but also cognitive performance, postural influence on esports play remains unknown. Here, we show that moderate standing (≤60 minutes) improves mood and executive/esports performances, but prolonged standing (>60 minutes) causes cognitive fatigue, leading to lowered performances. We first conducted a crossover session of virtual football gaming for a maximum of three hours while standing or sitting in collegiate casual players. In the initial 30 minutes, standing increased vitality and pleasure, executive function assessed by Flanker interference, and shot performance. Heart rate, pupil size, and salivary cortisol and testosterone were higher in the standing condition. Beyond 60 minutes, standing slowed interference with increased conceded goals, and 50% of the participants retired during play. We next tested the effect of leaning forward in a seated position. Leaning forward enhanced vitality and pleasure, interference, and shot and pass performance than reclining during the initial 60 minutes, but led to lower interference and cognitive accuracy after 120 minutes. Reclining slowed interference from the early phase, but accuracy remained unchanged throughout playing. Our findings provide evidence for leaning forward seating as an alternative active sitting mirroring the cognitive dynamics of standing esports play. Reclining supports cognitive endurance with higher accuracy. Modifying posture to match cognitive demands could encourage active and healthy lifestyles in the digital age.

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“…If the attentional demands are greater than the capacity of an individual, dual tasking results in cognitive-motor interference, such that there is deterioration of performance on either or both tasks ( 12 , 13 ). Previous studies have shown that older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI) experience higher cognitive-motor interference than cognitively intact older adults (CIOA) during volitional balance control tasks, resulting in increased standing postural sway and reduced gait speed while performing a cognitive task (e.g., visual search, digit span recall, word recall) ( 14 – 17 ). However, activities of daily living do not only involve gait and working memory tasks, but also entail the ability to recover from unpredictable balance threats induced by the environment (i.e., reactive balance control) ( 18 , 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation-based dual task assessment in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Kannan,

Pitts,

Szturm

et al. 2024

Front. Rehabil. Sci.

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BackgroundDual tasking (i.e., concurrent performance of motor and cognitive task) is significantly impaired in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI) compared to cognitively intact older adults (CIOA) and has been associated with increased fall risk. Dual task studies have primarily examined volitionally driven events, and the effects of mild cognitive impairment on reactive balance control (i.e., the ability to recover from unexpected balance threats) are unexplored. We examined the effect of cognitive tasks on reactive balance control in OAwMCI compared to CIOA.MethodsAdults >55 years were included and completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to categorize them as OAwMCI (MoCA: 18–24, n = 15) or CIOA (MoCA: ≥25, n = 15). Both OAwMCI [MoCA: 22.4 (2.2), 65.4 (6.1) years, 3 females] and CIOA [MoCA: 28.4 (1.3), 68.2 (5.5) years, 10 females] responded to large magnitude stance slip-like perturbations alone (single task) and while performing perceptual cognitive tasks targeting the visuomotor domain (target and tracking game). In these tasks, participants rotated their head horizontally to control a motion mouse and catch a falling target (target game) or track a moving object (track). Margin of stability (MOS) and fall outcome (harness load cell >30% body weight) were used to quantify reactive balance control. Cognitive performance was determined using performance error (target) and sum of errors (tracking). A 3 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA examined the effect of group and task on MOS, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to determine changes in fall outcome between groups and tasks. 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVAs examined the effect of group and task on cognitive performance.ResultsCompared to CIOA, OAwMCI exhibited significantly deteriorated MOS and greater number of falls during both single task and dual task (p < 0.05), and lower dual task tracking performance (p < 0.01). Compared to single task, both OAwMCI and CIOA exhibited significantly deteriorated perceptual cognitive performance during dual task (p < 0.05); however, no change in MOS or fall outcome between single task and dual task was observed.ConclusionCognitive impairment may diminish the ability to compensate and provide attentional resources demanded by sensory systems to integrate perturbation specific information, resulting in deteriorated ability to recover balance control among OAwMCI.

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The effects of cognitive impairment on the multi-scale dynamics of standing postural control during visual-search in older men

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Postural Influence on Cognitive Dynamics during Esports Play: A Randomized Crossover Study (Preprint)

Postural Influence on Cognitive Dynamics during Esports Play: A Randomized Crossover Study (Preprint)

Standing Enhances Esports Performance and Executive Function for Short Durations, but Not for Long: Implications for Positive Sitting

Perturbation-based dual task assessment in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

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