The Effects of Complex Stapes Motion on the Response of the Cochlea

Huber, Alexander; Sequeira, Damien; Breuninger, Christian; Eiber, Albrecht

doi:10.1097/mao.0b013e31817ef49b

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Several studies in human temporal bones have shown that the motion of stapes at high frequencies became more complex than the simple pistonlike motion at low frequencies (Chien et al 2006;Hato et al 2003;Heiland et al 1999). The complex motion of stapes at high frequencies was also reported in guinea pig (Huber et al 2008), cat, and gerbil ears (Decraemer et al 1999). Note that there was a measurement angle of 40-50°1 magnitude changes (with SD) between guinea pig ears with purulent effusion, 0.1 ml saline, and 0.2 ml saline.…”

Section: Effect Of Middle Ear Structural Changes On Tm Movementmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mechanisms of Tympanic Membrane and Incus Mobility Loss in Acute Otitis Media Model of Guinea Pig

Guan

Gan

2013

JARO

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Acute otitis media (AOM) is a rapid infection of middle ear due to bacterial or viral invasion. The infection commonly leads to negative pressure and purulent effusion in the middle ear. To identify how these changes affect tympanic membrane (TM) mobility or sound transmission through the middle ear, we hypothesize that pressure, effusion, and structural changes of the middle ear are the main mechanisms of conductive hearing loss in AOM. To test the hypothesis, a guinea pig AOM model was created by injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Three days post inoculation, vibration of the TM at umbo in response to input sound in the ear canal was measured at three experimental stages: intact, pressure-released, and effusion-drained AOM ears. The vibration of the incus tip was also measured after the effusion was removed. Results demonstrate that displacement of the TM increased mainly at low frequencies when pressure was released. As the effusion was removed, the TM mobility increased further but did not reach the level of the normal ear at low frequencies. This was caused by middle ear structural changes or adhesions on ossicles in AOM. The structural changes also affected movement of the incus at low and high frequencies. The results provide new evidence for understanding the mechanism of conductive hearing loss in AOM.

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Section: Effect Of Middle Ear Structural Changes On Tm Movementmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mechanisms of Tympanic Membrane and Incus Mobility Loss in Acute Otitis Media Model of Guinea Pig

Guan

Gan

2013

JARO

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“…8). Such rocking motions are presumed to be caused by the stimuli parallel to the footplate, on the stapes head (excitations in the X H and Y H in Figure 10, Eiber et al 2007;Huber et al 2008).…”

Section: Rocking Motionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the measurement side, a previous study by de la Rochefoucauld et al (2008) reported that motion components other than the piston-like motion did not produce scala-vestibuli pressure in gerbil ears. However, a recent study by Huber et al (2008) showed that enhancement of the rocking motions of the stapes by mechanical stimulation affected the cochlear response in guinea pigs, as demonstrated by changes in compound action potentials (CAP). It is anticipated that there will be further investigation of the relation between the rocking motions and fluid-flux inside the cochlea, and methods to measure stapes motions, particularly the rocking motions, need to be systemically studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Stapes Motions in Human Ears

Sim

Chatzimichalis

Lauxmann

et al. 2010

JARO

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It has been reported that the physiological motion of the stapes in human and several animals in response to acoustic stimulation is mainly piston-like at low frequencies. At higher frequencies, the pattern includes rocking motions around the long and short axes of the footplate in human and animal ears. Measurements of such extended stapes motions are highly sensitive to the exact angulation of the stapes in relation to the measurement devices and to measurement errors. In this study, velocity in a specific direction was measured at multiple points on the footplates of human temporal bones using a Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (SLDV) system, and the elementary components of the stapes motions, which were the piston-like motion and the rocking motions about the short and long axes of the footplate, were calculated from the measurements. The angular position of a laser beam with respect to the stapes and coordinates of the measurement points on the footplate plane were calculated by correlation between the SLDV measurement frame and the footplate-fixed frame, which was obtained from micro-CT images. The ratios of the rocking motions relative to the piston-like motion increased with frequency and reached a maximum around 7 kHz.A novel method for quantitatively assessing measurements of complex stapes motions and error boundaries of the motion components is presented. In the frequency range of 0.5 to 8 kHz, the magnitudes of the piston-like and two rocking motions were larger than estimated values of the corresponding upper error bounds.

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“…a fluid-jet flow, which, however, results in the generation of conventional travelling waves along the cochlear partition. In this sense, the cochlear excitation in our experiments on the RW stimulation is similar to excitation due to rocking movement of the stapes, which creates only local pressure gradients/fluid motion in the cochlea [37,38] resulting, nevertheless, in generation of the travelling waves and neural excitation [39,40]. In our experiments, the near-field pressure is proportional to the acceleration of the transducer which allows effective cochlear stimulation even at extremely small RW displacements at high frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

A novel mechanism of cochlear excitation during simultaneous stimulation and pressure relief through the round window

Weddell

Yarin

Drexl³

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The round window (RW) membrane provides pressure relief when the cochlea is excited by sound. Here, we report measurements of cochlear function from guinea pigs when the cochlea was stimulated at acoustic frequencies by movements of a miniature magnet which partially occluded the RW. Maximum cochlear sensitivity, corresponding to subnanometre magnet displacements at neural thresholds, was observed for frequencies around 20 kHz, which is similar to that for acoustic stimulation. Neural response latencies to acoustic and RW stimulation were similar and taken to indicate that both means of stimulation resulted in the generation of conventional travelling waves along the cochlear partition. It was concluded that the relatively high impedance of the ossicles, as seen from the cochlea, enabled the region of the RW not occluded by the magnet, to act as a pressure shunt during RW stimulation. We propose that travelling waves, similar to those owing to acoustic farfield pressure changes, are driven by a jet-like, near-field component of a complex pressure field, which is generated by the magnetically vibrated RW. Outcomes of research described here are theoretical and practical design principles for the development of new types of hearing aids, which use near-field, RW excitation of the cochlea.

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The Effects of Complex Stapes Motion on the Response of the Cochlea

Abstract: The qualitative results provide supportive evidence that complex movements of the stapes footplate may lead to cochlear activity. Further experiments are necessary to confirm and quantify these effects.

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanisms of Tympanic Membrane and Incus Mobility Loss in Acute Otitis Media Model of Guinea Pig

Mechanisms of Tympanic Membrane and Incus Mobility Loss in Acute Otitis Media Model of Guinea Pig

Complex Stapes Motions in Human Ears

A novel mechanism of cochlear excitation during simultaneous stimulation and pressure relief through the round window

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