The effects of contraceptive methods on the quality and quantity of breast milk

Koetsawang, Suporn

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(87)90401-2

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The reduction of estrogen at birth, due to the removal of the hormone-secreting placenta, contributes to the initiation of lactogenesis II, the period of colostrum secretion, and subsequent lactation (Neville et al 2002; Pang & Hartmann 2007). Consequently, estrogen birth control pills are contraindicated in breastfeeding mothers due to their well-established effect of decreasing milk supply (Koetsawang 1987). Nearly three decades ago, Rogan et al hypothesized an effect of environmental estrogens on breastfeeding, finding a negative association between di-chloro, di-phenyl trichloroethane (DDT) exposure and breastfeeding duration, which was also seen in a more recent retrospective study (Karmaus, Davis, Fussman, & Brooks 2005; Rogan & Ragan 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Bisphenol A Exposure with Breastfeeding and Perceived Insufficient Milk Supply in Mexican Women

Kasper

Peterson

Zhang

et al. 2016

Matern Child Health J

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Introduction Estrogen inhibits lactation and bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production environmental estrogen. We hypothesize an inhibitory effect of BPA on lactation and aim to analyze the association between third trimester pregnancy urinary BPA and breastfeeding rates one month postpartum. Methods Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of breastfeeding and perceived insufficient milk supply (PIM) in relation to maternal peripartum urinary BPA concentrations were calculated in 216 mothers. Results 97.2% of mothers in the lowest BPA tertile were breastfeeding at one month postpartum, compared to 89.9% in highest (p=0.01). Adjusted ORs (95% CI) for not breastfeeding at one month were 1.9 (0.3, 10.7) and 4.3 (0.8, 21.6) for second and third BPA tertiles, respectively, compared to the lowest (p=0.06, trend). 4.2% reported PIM in the lowest BPA tertile, compared to 8.7% in the highest (p=0.03). Adjusted ORs (95% CI) for PIM were 1.8 (0.4,7.7) and 2.2 (0.5,9.5), for the second and third BPA tertiles, respectively, compared to the lowest (p=0.29, trend). Discussion These results suggest an association between maternal BPA exposure and decreased breastfeeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Bisphenol A Exposure with Breastfeeding and Perceived Insufficient Milk Supply in Mexican Women

Kasper

Peterson

Zhang

et al. 2016

Matern Child Health J

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“…74 As progesterone withdrawal is likely the stimulus that initiates lactogenesis, administration of progestin-only methods shortly after delivery could theoretically inhibit or alter lactation. [76][77][78][79] Additional theoretical concerns involved the possible accumulation of progesterone and its metabolites in the infant due to an immature metabolism. [76][77][78][79] Additional theoretical concerns involved the possible accumulation of progesterone and its metabolites in the infant due to an immature metabolism.…”

Section: Progestin-only Methods (Pills Injections Implants)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum Contraception

Sober

Schreiber

2014

Clinical Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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As birth spacing has demonstrated health benefits for a woman and her children, contraception after childbirth is recognized as an important health issue. The potential risk of pregnancy soon after delivery underscores the importance of initiating postpartum contraception in a timely manner. The contraceptive method initiated in the postpartum period depends upon a number of factors including medical history, anatomic and hormonal factors, patient preference, and whether or not the woman is breastfeeding. When electing a contraceptive method, informed choice is paramount. The availability of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods immediately postpartum provides a strategy to achieve reductions in unintended pregnancy.

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“…Progestin-only contraceptives do not impair lactation [52] and, in fact, may increase the quality and duration of lactation [53]. When initiated immediately or at 6 weeks postpartum, DMPA has not been shown to decrease the duration of lactation or infant weight gain [54,55].…”

Section: Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Use Postpartummentioning

confidence: 99%