The effects of copper on the microbial community of a coral reef sponge

Webster, Nicole S.; Webb, Richard I.; Ridd, Michael J.; Hill, Russell T.; Negri, Andrew P.

doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00155.x

Cited by 99 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The documented decline in coral reef ecosystems worldwide (Wilkinson, 2008) has prompted research into understanding how changing environmental conditions affect the close symbiotic associations of marine invertebrates (Webster et al, 2001;Bourne et al, 2008;Vega Thurber et al, 2008;Webster et al, 2008;Littman et al, 2010Littman et al, , 2011Webster et al, 2011). Only by studying marine invertebrates as holobionts (the host and all associated microbial communities) and better characterising the forces that structure their microbial associations will we be able to fully assess their capacity to adapt or acclimatise to environmental stress.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coral reef invertebrate microbiomes correlate with the presence of photosymbionts

et al. 2013

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Coral reefs provide habitat for an array of marine invertebrates that host symbiotic microbiomes. Photosynthetic symbionts including Symbiodinium dinoflagellates and diatoms potentially influence the diversity of their host-associated microbiomes by releasing carbon-containing photosynthates and other organic compounds that fuel microbial metabolism. Here we used 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon pyrosequencing to characterise the microbiomes of 11 common Great Barrier Reef marine invertebrate species that host photosynthetic symbionts and five taxa in which they are absent. The presence of photosynthetic symbionts influenced the composition but not the species richness, evenness and phylogenetic diversity of invertebrateassociated microbiomes. Invertebrates without photosynthetic symbionts were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, whereas those hosting photosynthetic symbionts were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. Interestingly, many microbial species from photosymbiont-bearing invertebrates, including Oceanospirillales spp., Alteromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Halomonas spp., are implicated in the metabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). DMSP is produced in high concentrations by photosynthetic dinoflagellates and is involved in climate regulation by facilitating cloud formation. Microbiomes correlated with host taxa and replicate individuals from most sampled species grouped in distance-based redundancy analysis of retrieved 16S rRNA gene sequences. This study highlights the complex nature of invertebrate holobionts and confirms the importance of photosynthetic symbionts in structuring marine invertebrate bacterial communities.

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confidence: 99%

Coral reef invertebrate microbiomes correlate with the presence of photosymbionts

et al. 2013

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“…They can provide additional nutrients and produce secondary metabolites that improve the defense of the host against predation, fouling and diseases (Hentschel et al, 2006;Taylor et al, 2007a). Several recent studies also correlate environmental parameters such as elevated seawater temperatures (Webster et al, 2008;Cebrian et al, 2011) or the presence of heavy metals (Webster et al, 2001;Selvin et al, 2009) with shifts in microbial communities and declines in sponge health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-specificity among abundant and rare taxa in the sponge microbiome

Réveillaud¹,

Maignien²,

Eren³

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

242

208

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Microbial communities have a key role in the physiology of the sponge host, and it is therefore essential to understand the stability and specificity of sponge-symbiont associations. Host-specific bacterial associations spanning large geographic distance are widely acknowledged in sponges. However, the full spectrum of specificity remains unclear. In particular, it is not known whether closely related sponges host similar or very different microbiota over wide bathymetric and geographic gradients, and whether specific associations extend to the rare members of the sponge microbiome. Using the ultra-deep Illumina sequencing technology, we conducted a comparison of sponge bacterial communities in seven closely related Hexadella species with a well-resolved host phylogeny, as well as of a distantly related sponge Mycale. These samples spanned unprecedentedly large bathymetric (15-960 m) gradients and varying European locations. In addition, this study included a bacterial community analysis of the local background seawater for both Mycale and the widespread deep-sea taxa Hexadella cf. dedritifera. We observed a striking diversity of microbes associated with the sponges, spanning 47 bacterial phyla. The data did not reveal any Hexadella microbiota co-speciation pattern, but confirmed sponge-specific and species-specific host-bacteria associations, even within extremely low abundant taxa. Oligotyping analysis also revealed differential enrichment preferences of closely related Nitrospira members in closely related sponges species. Overall, these results demonstrate highly diverse, remarkably specific and stable spongebacteria associations that extend to members of the rare biosphere at a very fine phylogenetic scale, over significant geographic and bathymetric gradients.

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“…Later on, the terms "low microbial abundance" (LMA) and "high microbial abundance" (HMA) sponges were coined to acknowledge the additional presence of archaea in sponge tissues (Hentschel et al, 2003). A typical HMA sponge contains 10 8 to 10 10 microorganisms/g sponge tissue, which can make up to 20%-35% of the sponge biomass (Reiswig, 1981;Webster et al, 2001;Hentschel et al, 2012); in contrast, only 10 5 to 10 6 bacteria/g sponge tissue are found in LMA sponges, which is roughly equivalent to the microbial abundances in seawater (Hentschel et al, 2006). This pattern extends to reproductive propagules in that the larvae of HMA sponges contain dense bacterial assemblages at the larval center, while the interior of LMA sponge larvae is largely free of microbes (Ereskovsky and Tokina, 2004;Maldonado, 2007;Schmitt et al, 2007;Gloeckner et al, 2013a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HMA-LMA Dichotomy Revisited: an Electron Microscopical Survey of 56 Sponge Species

Gloeckner¹,

Wehrl²,

Moitinho‐Silva³

et al. 2014

The Biological Bulletin

201

206

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Abstract. The dichotomy between high microbial abundance (HMA) and low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges has been long recognized. In the present study, 56 sponge species from three geographic regions (greater Caribbean, Mediterranean, Red Sea) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy for the presence of microorganisms in the mesohyl matrix. Additionally, bacterial enumeration by DAPI-counting was performed on a subset of samples. Of the 56 species investigated, 28 were identified as belonging to the HMA and 28 to the LMA category. The sponge orders Agelasida and Verongida consisted exclusively of HMA species, and the Poecilosclerida were composed only of LMA sponges. Other taxa contained both types of microbial associations (e.g., marine Haplosclerida, Homoscleromorpha, Dictyoceratida), and a clear phylogenetic pattern could not be identified. For a few sponge species, an intermediate microbial load was determined, and the microscopy data did not suffice to reliably determine HMA or LMA status. To experimentally determine the HMA or LMA status of a sponge species, we therefore recommend a combination of transmission electron microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequence data. This study significantly expands previous reports on microbial abundances in sponge tissues and contributes to a better understanding of the HMA-LMA dichotomy in sponge-microbe symbioses.

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The effects of copper on the microbial community of a coral reef sponge

Cited by 99 publications

References 44 publications

Coral reef invertebrate microbiomes correlate with the presence of photosymbionts

Coral reef invertebrate microbiomes correlate with the presence of photosymbionts

Host-specificity among abundant and rare taxa in the sponge microbiome

The HMA-LMA Dichotomy Revisited: an Electron Microscopical Survey of 56 Sponge Species

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