The effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with heavy resistance training on body composition, muscle performance, and serum and muscle creatine levels

Abstract

Numerous creatine formulations have been developed primarily to maximize creatine absorption. Creatine ethyl ester is alleged to increase creatine bio-availability. This study examined how a seven-week supplementation regimen combined with resistance training affected body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength and power, serum and muscle creatine levels, and serum creatinine levels in 30 non-resistance-trained males. In a double-blind manner, participants were randomly assigned to a maltodextrose placebo (PLA), creatine monohydrate (CRT), or creatine ethyl ester (CEE) group. The supplements were orally ingested at a dose of 0.30 g/kg fat-free body mass (approximately 20 g/day) for five days followed by ingestion at 0.075 g/kg fat free mass (approximately 5 g/day) for 42 days. Results showed significantly higher serum creatine concentrations in PLA (p = 0.007) and CRT (p = 0.005) compared to CEE. Serum creatinine was greater in CEE compared to the PLA (p = 0.001) and CRT (p = 0.001) and increased at days 6, 27, and 48. Total muscle creatine content was significantly higher in CRT (p = 0.026) and CEE (p = 0.041) compared to PLA, with no differences between CRT and CEE. Significant changes over time were observed for body composition, body water, muscle strength and power variables, but no significant differences were observed between groups. In conclusion, when compared to creatine monohydrate, creatine ethyl ester was not as effective at increasing serum and muscle creatine levels or in improving body composition, muscle mass, strength, and power. Therefore, the improvements in these variables can most likely be attributed to the training protocol itself, rather than the supplementation regimen.

Creatina e treinamento resistido: efeito na hidratação e massa corporal magra

“…Os dados encontrados estão de acordo com outros estudos 1,4,[11][12][13][16][17][18][19] , nos quais utilizaram protocolo semelhante, usando 20 a 25g/dia de creatina durante 5 a 7 dias, e demonstraram aumento de peso já no término da fase de carregamento de creatina. No estudo de Powers et al 1 , homens e mulheres treinados receberam 25g/dia por sete dias em fase de carregamento com creatina monohidratada, em que os participantes tiveram aumento no peso (75,54 ± 17,67kg e 76,29 ± 18,04kg), água corporal total (41,98 ± 11,78L e 43,35 ± 12,19L) e após a fase de manutenção (5g/dia por 21 dias), mantiveram de forma semelhante os parâmetros aumentados de peso (76,86±18,07kg), água total (44,02±12,37L) quando comparado ao momento pré-suplementação.…”

Creatine in Sport and Medicine

“…Ze względu na skłonność do przekształcania w nieaktywną anabolicznie kreatyninę stale poszukuje się związku, który byłby pozbawiony tej cechy [9]. Dostępne są też inne formy kreatyny, czyli związki łączące cząsteczkę kreatyny z cząsteczkami innych substancji [9,17,[21][22][23][24][25]. W tabeli 1 przedstawiono różne związki kreatyny z uwzględnieniem procentowej zawartości czystej kreatyny [25].…”

“…Syntezowana jest z 3 aminokwasów: metioniny, argininy i glicyny [9,12,17] w trzustce, nerkach, wątrobie [9] i w niewielkich ilościach w mózgu oraz jądrach [17]. Jej zawartość w organizmie wynosi około 120-140 gramów [18].…”

“…Jej zawartość w organizmie wynosi około 120-140 gramów [18]. 95-98% kreatyny znajduje się w komórkach mięśni [17,18] w dwóch formach -kreatyny wolnej (30-40%) oraz fosforanu kreatyny -PCr (60-75%) [18]. Po związaniu z resztą kwasu fosforowego kreatyna przyjmuje postać fosforanu i staje się źródłem energii, która może zostać wykorzystana np.…”

“…Kreatyna występuje w zwyczajowej diecie [10, 12,17,19]. Jej bogatym źródłem jest czerwone mięso [10] -225 g wołowiny dostarcza około 1,5-2,5 g kreatyny.…”