The effects of diet on levels of physical activity during winter in forensic inpatients – A randomized controlled trial

Vitamin D Status and Physical Activity during Wintertime in Forensic Inpatients—A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…In contrast, the level of physical activity performed by the Low vitamin D group is in line with Category 2 of the PA-R (i.e., moderate physical activity such as jogging, ping pong/table tennis, resistance training, or hard physical work). The current results are similar to results found by Hansen et al, [1]. In that study, participants in a fatty fish group could be categorized in the Category 3 of the PA-R as well, while the control group was closer to the Category 2, especially during the last five weeks of the six months intervention period.…”

“…In that study, participants in a fatty fish group could be categorized in the Category 3 of the PA-R as well, while the control group was closer to the Category 2, especially during the last five weeks of the six months intervention period. However, when comparing the mean physical activity score for the whole intervention period with the overall mean physical activity score in Hansen et al [1], the present study illuminates a larger distinction or gap between High and Low vitamin D groups than the fatty fish and control groups did [1]. The mean physical activity score for the High vitamin D group was 4.63 in the current study, while the mean physical activity score for the Low vitamin D group was 2.50.…”

“…Recent research in a sample of forensic inpatients found that regular consumption of fatty fish such as salmon during wintertime was associated with regular physical activity, while a diet without salmon or other types of fatty fish was associated with irregular and successively declining physical activity [1]. In general, wintertime is associated with a range of negative effects on health such as mood or mental health problems (e.g., seasonal affective disorder) [2] and less physical activity along with a tendency to gain weight and higher body mass index (BMI) [3].…”

“…As natural exposure to sunshine is one of the most important sources of vitamin D, and most studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and vitamin D are limited to self-report, there is a risk of bias. In a randomized control trial investigating the effects of fatty fish consumption during winter on physical activity [1] it was speculated whether the beneficial effects of fatty fish consumption on physical activity could be related to vitamin D. In other words, could the reduction in vitamin D be the cause of the irregular and successive reduction in physical activity found in the control group? However, firm conclusions about the importance of vitamin D could not be made in that study [1], as fatty fish also contains other important nutrients [23].…”

Dietary Pattern and Its Correlates among Lithuanian Young Adults: Mediterranean Diet Approach

“…In the current study, sufficiently physically active young adults also consume greater amounts of fish and seafood and more often prefer white meat to red meat compared with those who do not achieve a sufficient level of physical activity. Another randomized control study found that an experimental group receiving fatty fish three times per week had a regular pattern of physical activity throughout the intervention period, while a control group receiving an alternative meal (e.g., chicken, pork and beef) with the same nutritional value showed a more irregular pattern of physical activity and a significant reduction in physical activity over time [51]. On the other hand, physical activity, especially vigorous activity, lowers the risk of gastrointestinal disorders caused by the consumption of red meat [52].…”